multa
Meaning
- femininefine, monetary penalty
Aut suā voluntāte aut lēgis multā profectī sunt; quam multam sī sufferre voluissent, manēre in cīvitāte potuissent.
They have gone either of their own accord, or in consequence of some penalty inflicted by the law; though if they had been willing to submit to the penalty, they might have remained in the city.69 BCE, Cicero, Pro Caecina 30.98
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
poena pecūniaeChoosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Vindicta · Ultio · Talio · Pœna · Mulcta · Castigatio · Puniri
1. Vindicta (ἀναδέκτης) is an act of justice, like avenging: ultio (ἀλαλκεῖν, ἀλέξειν), an act of anger, like revenge; talio (τλῆναι), an act of retaliation. 2. Ultio, vindicatio, and talio, take place in consequence of the supreme authority of an individual; punitio, mulctatio, and castigatio, in consequence of the demand of others; pœna (ποινή, πεῖνα, πένομαι), as a punishment which the violated and offended law demands, by any mode of suffering; mulcta (μαλάξαι) as an amercement, which justice and equity demand, as a compensation for injuries done, especially a fine; castigatio, as a chastisement, which may serve to improve the individual, especially a rebuke. Pœna is for the general good; mulcta, for the good of the injured party; castigatio, for that of the guilty party. (v. 249.) 3. Pœnire means to punish, according to the principles of justice; whereas puniri, in Cicero, to take vengeance into one’s own hands.
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | multa | multae mulctae |
| genitive | multae mulctae | multārum mulctārum |
| dative | multae mulctae | multīs mulctīs |
| accusative | multam mulctam | multās mulctās |
| ablative | multā | multīs mulctīs |
| vocative | multa | multae mulctae |
vocabulum ipsum multae M. Varro non Latinum, sed Sabinum esse dicit, Gell. 11, 1, 5: multam Osce dici putant poenam quidam. M. Varro ait poenam esse, sed pecuniariam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 142 Mull.: cum pecore diceretur multa, Varr. L. L. 5, § 95 Müll. The highest penalty in the earliest times was thirty head of cattle, the lowest a sheep, in specifying which the word ovis is used as of the masculine gender: ego ei unum ovem multam dico, I condemn him to pay, fine him, a legal formula ap. Gell. 11, 1, 4: multae dictio ovium et bovium, Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16.—Later, of a pecuniary fine: multa praesens quingentum milium aeris in singulas civitates imposita, Liv. 10, 37: multam alicui dicere, to decree, award, Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18: indicere, Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 11: subire, Ov. F. 5, 289: committere, to deserve, incur, Cic. Clu. 37, 103: exigere, Varr. L. L. 5, § 177 Müll.: remittere, Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18: irrogare (of the plaintiff, or people's tribune), to propose that the accused be fined a certain sum, id. Mil. 14, 36; so, petere, id. Clu. 33, 91: aliquem multā et poenā multare, id. Balb. 18, 42: multam alicui facere, Gell. 7, 14, 8: certare, to contend on both sides whether or not the proposed fine should be paid: duo tribuni plebis ducentum milium aeris multam M. Postumio dixerunt: cui certandae cum dies advenisset, Liv. 25, 3: multae certatio, Cic. Leg. 8, 3, 6: multa erat Veneri, for the benefit of Venus, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25: multa gravis praedibus Valerianis, a heavy loss, great damage, id. Fam. 5, 20, 4.—singulos jure jurando adigam non aliter quam stantes cibum capturos esse ... hanc multam feretis, etc., Liv. 24, 16, 13: haec ei multa esto: vino viginti dies Ut careat, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 55.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *moltā, of unknown origin. Cognates in other Italic languages include Oscan molto and Umbrian 𐌌𐌖𐌕𐌖 (mutu).
- Catalanmulta
- Englishmulct
- Italianmulta
- Occitanmulta
- Portuguesemulta
- Spanishmulta
- Emilianmûlta
- Galicianmulta
- Middle Frenchmulcte
- Norwegianmulkt
In English words that came into English from multa
- mulctmulcta
- mulctuarymulctuārius