verbsecond conjugation
lūgeō
lūgeō (present infinitive lūgēre, perfect active lūxī, supine lūctum)
Classical[ˈɫuː.ɡe.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈluː.d͡ʒe.o]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to mourn, lament, bewail, deplore
Lūgēte, ō Venerēs Cupīdinēsque
c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 3.1
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
mortuum doleō et fleō; māter fīlium lūget.lūgeō -ēre lūxī — in Mille Verba, ch. Vīta et Mors
maereō, dolōrem ostendōlūgeō -ēre — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 7
maereō, mortuum plangōlūgeō -ēre — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 22
fleō dē eō quem āmīsistīlūgeō -ēre — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 3, 23
Conjugation conjugation 2
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | lūgeō | lūgēbam | lūgēbō | lūxī | lūxeram | lūxerō |
| 2nd sg. | lūgēs | lūgēbās | lūgēbis | lūxistī | lūxerās | lūxeris |
| 3rd sg. | lūget | lūgēbat | lūgēbit | lūxit | lūxerat | lūxerit |
| 1st pl. | lūgēmus | lūgēbāmus | lūgēbimus | lūximus | lūxerāmus | lūxerimus |
| 2nd pl. | lūgētis | lūgēbātis | lūgēbitis | lūxistis | lūxerātis | lūxeritis |
| 3rd pl. | lūgent | lūgēbant | lūgēbunt | lūxērunt lūxēre | lūxerant | lūxerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | lūgeam | lūgērem | lūxerim | lūxissem |
| 2nd sg. | lūgeās | lūgērēs | lūxerīs | lūxissēs |
| 3rd sg. | lūgeat | lūgēret | lūxerit | lūxisset |
| 1st pl. | lūgeāmus | lūgērēmus | lūxerīmus | lūxissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | lūgeātis | lūgērētis | lūxerītis | lūxissētis |
| 3rd pl. | lūgeant | lūgērent | lūxerint | lūxissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | lūgeor | lūgēbar | lūgēbor |
| 2nd sg. | lūgēris lūgēre | lūgēbāris lūgēbāre | lūgēberis lūgēbere |
| 3rd sg. | lūgētur | lūgēbātur | lūgēbitur |
| 1st pl. | lūgēmur | lūgēbāmur | lūgēbimur |
| 2nd pl. | lūgēminī | lūgēbāminī | lūgēbiminī |
| 3rd pl. | lūgentur | lūgēbantur | lūgēbuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | lūgear | lūgērer |
| 2nd sg. | lūgeāris lūgeāre | lūgērēris lūgērēre |
| 3rd sg. | lūgeātur | lūgērētur |
| 1st pl. | lūgeāmur | lūgērēmur |
| 2nd pl. | lūgeāminī | lūgērēminī |
| 3rd pl. | lūgeantur | lūgērentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | lūgē | lūgēre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | lūgēte | lūgēminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | lūgētō | lūgētor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | lūgētō | lūgētor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | lūgētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | lūgentō | lūgentor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | lūgēre | lūgērī |
| perfect infinitive | lūxisse | lūctum esse |
| future infinitive | lūctūrum esse | lūctum īrī |
| present participle | lūgēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | lūctus lūcta, lūctā, lūctae, lūctam, lūctārum, lūctās, lūcte, lūctī, lūctīs, lūctō, lūctōrum, lūctōs |
| future participle | lūctūrus lūctūra, lūctūrā, lūctūrae, lūctūram, lūctūrārum, lūctūrās, lūctūre, lūctūrī, lūctūrīs, lūctūrō, lūctūrōrum, lūctūrōs, lūctūrum | lūgendus lūgenda, lūgendā, lūgendae, lūgendam, lūgendārum, lūgendās, lūgende, lūgendīs, lūgendōrum, lūgendōs |
gerundlūgendī, lūgendō, lūgendumsupinelūctum, lūctū
lūgĕo, xi, ctum, 2 (luxti for luxisti, Cat. 66, 21;
I. dep. lugeri, Prisc. 1251), v. n. and a. [akin to Gr. λυγρός, λοιγός; Sanscr. root lū, to cut; cf. lues], to mourn, lament, bewail, deplore (syn. ploro).
I. Lit.
A. Neutr.:
luget senatus, maeret equester ordo, Cic. Mil. 8, 20: annum feminis ad lugendum constituere majores, Sen. Ep. 63, 13; id. Cons. ad Helv. 16, 1: hos pro me lugere, Cic. Planc. 42, 101.—Impers. pass.: sei ad pii rogum fili lugetur. etc., Cat. 39, 4.—B. Act.: lugere mortem Trebonii, Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 25:
quid ego nunc lugeam vitam hominum? id. Tusc. 1, 34, 83: occasum atque interitum rei publicae, id. Pis. 8, 18: ut ager lugere dominum videretur, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47: matronae annum, ut parentem, eum luxerunt, Liv. 2, 7.—In pass.: lugebere nobis, Lugebisque alios, Ov. M. 10, 141: parentes et filii majores X annis anno lugendi sunt, Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 13: servus matronis lugendus, Juv. 8, 267.—With acc. and inf.: urbem e suis faucibus ereptam esse, Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 2: in dominos vanas luget abisse minas, Claud. ap. Eutr. 2, 4 prooem.—(b). With gen.:
lugere formae, Sil. 3, 424.—II. Transf., to be in mourning, to wear mourning apparel (v. luctus):
nec lugentibus id facere fas est, Liv. 22, 56: qui luget, abstinere debet a conviviis, ornamentis et albā veste, Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 14: pullo lugentes vellere lanas, fit for mourning, Mart. 14, 157.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
lūgeō lūxī (lūxtī for lūxistī, Ct.) lūctus, ēre
LVG-, to mourn, lament, bewail, deplore : melius, O.: mortem Treboni: interitum rei p.: annum, ut parentem, eum, L.: lugebere nobis, Lugebisque alios, O.: luget non sic lugendae fata sororis, i. e. not as dead , O.: Matronis lugendus, Iu.: ad rogum filii lugetur, Ct.: urbem e suis faucibus ereptam esse.— To be in mourning, wear mourning apparel : luget senatus: te arbos Tonsa comam luxit, O.: nec lugentibus id facere fas est, L.
Origins
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (“to break, injure”) with a semantic shift to “be in pain” in the stative. Cognate with Ancient Greek λευγαλέος (leugaléos), λυγρός (lugrós), Sanskrit रुजति (rujati, “to break open, shatter, injure, cause pain”), Latvian lauzt (“to break, fracture”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lewg- (“to gulp, swallow, gasp”); compare Old Irish loingid (“to eat”) and Ancient Greek λύζω (lúzō, “to hiccup; to sob”), λυγγανώμενον (lunganṓmenon, “sobbing”), λυγμός (lugmós, “the hiccups”). In either case it may be influenced by onomatopoeia.
In English words that came into English from lūgeō
- luctiferousluctifer