iuvenis1
Meaning
- femininemasculineA youth, a young man, young woman, young adult (between ages 20-40), (older than an adulescens but younger than a senior/senex)
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
quī aetāte firmā et vīribus plēnā est.inter puerum et senemhomō aetāte flōrēnshomō inter puerum et senemChoosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Puer · Infans · Adolescens · Juvenis · Vir · Vetus · Senex
Puer (from parere, πάϊς,) in a wider sense, is the man in his dependent years, so long as he neither can be, nor is, the father of a family, as a young person, in three periods, as infans, νήπιος, παιδίον, from his first years till he is seven; as puer, in a narrower sense, παῖς, from his seventh year till he is sixteen; as commencing adolescens (from ἄλθειν) a youngster, μειράκιον, νεανίας, from his sixteenth year. Juvenis, in a wider sense, is as long as he remains in his years of greatest strength, from about the time of his being of age to the first appearances of advanced age, as the young man νέος, which also may be divided into three periods;—as ceasing to be adolescens, from his eighteenth year; as juvenis (from ζέω) in a narrower sense, νεανίας, from his four-and-twentieth year; as beginning to be vir, ἀνήρ, from his thirtieth year. Maturus is the man in his ripest years, when the wild fire of youth has evaporated, and may be divided into three periods;—as ceasing to be vir, ἀνήρ, from his fortieth year; as vetus, γέρων, from his fiftieth year; as senex, (ἄναξ) πρεσβύτης, from his sixtieth year. (v. 45.)
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | iuvenis | iuvenēs |
| genitive | iuvenis | iuvenum |
| dative | iuvenī | iuvenibus |
| accusative | iuvenem | iuvenēs |
| ablative | iuvene | iuvenibus |
| vocative | iuvenis | iuvenēs |
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂ey-
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂óyu
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂yéwHō
- Proto-Italic*juwō
- Latiniuvenis
Inherited from Proto-Italic *juwō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHō (“young”). Cognate with Sanskrit युवन् (yúvan), Persian جوان (jawān /javân), Old Irish óc (early OIr: óac), Old English ġeong (whence English young). The Latin nominative singular form iuvenis is an innovation replacing expected *iuvō (compare Sanskrit युवा (yuvā)). The ending -is was introduced from i-stem nouns. However, forms other than the nominative singular continued to use consonant-stem endings. Compare canis from *ḱwṓ. The -e- in the second syllable is unexpected, since any short vowel in a medial open syllable was normally weakened to -i- in Latin. The -e- might have been taken by analogy from the antonym sen- (“old man”), or alternatively, from the related suffixed nouns iuventūs, iuventās.
In English words that came into English from iuvenis
- juvenileiuvenīlis
- rejuvenateiuvenis
- juvenaliuvenālis
- juvenescentjuvenescens
- juveniliaiuvenīlia