verbfirst conjugation
iūrō
iūrō (present infinitive iūrāre, perfect active iūrāvī, supine iūrātum)
Classical[ˈjuː.roː]Ecclesiastical[ˈjuː.ro]
№ 896 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to confirm formally, to pronounce enforceably, to swear, to vow, to take an oath
Nōn ego cum Danaīs Troiānam exscindere gentem Aulide iūrāvī, classemve ad Pergama mīsī, [...].
“I never swore the Grecian oath at Aulis to destroy the Trojan race, nor did I send warships against Pergamum, ….”29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.425–426
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
per deōs prōmittō mē vēra dīcere.iūrō -āre — in Mille Verba, Urbs et Aedificia
per deōs prōmittōiūrō -āre, iūrātus — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 7
iūsiūrandum faciōiūrō -āre — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 3
per deōs affirmōiūrō -āre — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 20
prōmittō per deōsiūrō -āre — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 2
to swear
iūrō -āre — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 20, 25
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iūrō | iūrābam | iūrābō | iūrāvī | iūrāveram | iūrāverō iūrārō |
| 2nd sg. | iūrās | iūrābās | iūrābis | iūrāvistī iūrāstī | iūrāverās iūrārās | iūrāveris |
| 3rd sg. | iūrat | iūrābat | iūrābit | iūrāvit | iūrāverat iūrārat | iūrāverit iūrārit |
| 1st pl. | iūrāmus | iūrābāmus | iūrābimus | iūrāvimus | iūrāverāmus | iūrāverimus iūrārimus |
| 2nd pl. | iūrātis | iūrābātis | iūrābitis | iūrāvistis iūrāstis | iūrāverātis iūrārātis | iūrāveritis iūrāritis |
| 3rd pl. | iūrant | iūrābant | iūrābunt | iūrāvērunt iūrāvēre, iūrārunt | iūrāverant iūrārant | iūrāverint iūrārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iūrem | iūrārem | iūrāverim iūrārim | iūrāvissem iūrāssem |
| 2nd sg. | iūrēs | iūrārēs | iūrāverīs | iūrāvissēs iūrāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | iūret | iūrāret | iūrāverit iūrārit | iūrāvisset iūrāsset |
| 1st pl. | iūrēmus | iūrārēmus | iūrāverīmus iūrārīmus | iūrāvissēmus iūrāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | iūrētis | iūrārētis | iūrāverītis iūrārītis | iūrāvissētis iūrāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | iūrent | iūrārent | iūrāverint iūrārint | iūrāvissent iūrāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iūror | iūrābar | iūrābor |
| 2nd sg. | iūrāris iūrāre | iūrābāris iūrābāre | iūrāberis iūrābere |
| 3rd sg. | iūrātur | iūrābātur | iūrābitur |
| 1st pl. | iūrāmur | iūrābāmur | iūrābimur |
| 2nd pl. | iūrāminī | iūrābāminī | iūrābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | iūrantur | iūrābantur | iūrābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iūrer | iūrārer |
| 2nd sg. | iūrēris iūrēre | iūrārēris iūrārēre |
| 3rd sg. | iūrētur | iūrārētur |
| 1st pl. | iūrēmur | iūrārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | iūrēminī | iūrārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | iūrentur | iūrārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | iūrā | iūrāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | iūrāte | iūrāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | iūrātō | iūrātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | iūrātō | iūrātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | iūrātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | iūrantō | iūrantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | iūrāre | iūrārī |
| perfect infinitive | iūrāvisse iūrāsse | iūrātum esse |
| future infinitive | iūrātūrum esse | iūrātum īrī |
| present participle | iūrāns iūrante, iūrantem, iūrantēs, iūrantī, iūrantia, iūrantibus, iūrantis, iūrantīs, iūrantium | — |
| perfect participle | — | iūrātus iūrāta, iūrātā, iūrātae, iūrātam, iūrātārum, iūrātās, iūrātī, iūrātōrum, iūrātōs |
| future participle | iūrātūrus iūrātūra, iūrātūrā, jūrātūra, jūrātūrā, iūrātūrae, jūrātūrae, iūrātūram, jūrātūram, iūrātūrārum, jūrātūrārum, iūrātūrās, jūrātūrās, iūrātūre, jūrātūre, iūrātūrī, jūrātūrī, iūrātūrīs, jūrātūrīs, iūrātūrō, jūrātūrō, iūrātūrōrum, jūrātūrōrum, iūrātūrōs, jūrātūrōs, iūrātūrum, jūrātūrum | iūrandus iūranda, iūrandā, iūrandae, iūrandam, iūrandārum, iūrandās, iūrande, iūrandīs, iūrandōrum, iūrandōs |
gerundiūrandī, iūrandō, iūrandumsupineiūrātum, iūrātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- ex animi mei sententia iuro
- I swear on my conscience.
- in legem iurare (Sest. 16. 37)
- to swear obedience to a law.
jūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a.
I. , and jūror, ātus, 1, v. dep. 2. jus, to swear, to take an oath.
I. In gen., absol.:
cui si aram tenens juraret, crederet nemo, Cic. Fl. 36, 90: cum ille mihi nihil, nisi ut jurarem, permitteret, id. Fam. 5, 2, 7: cum enim faciles sint nonnulli hominum ad jurandum, Dig. 28, 7, 8: posteaquam juratum est, denegatur actio, ib. 12, 2, 9: ex animi tui sententia jurāris, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108.— With inf., Sil. 2, 3, 51; Claud. B. Get. 81; Dig. 12, 2, 13, § 5.—With nom. and inf., poet., Prop. 3, 4, 40.—With acc. and inf.: jurat, se eum non deserturum, Caes. B. C. 3, 13: se non reversurum, id. ib. 3, 87: jurarem ... me et ardere studio veri reperiendi, Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 65: nisi victores se redituros jurant, Liv. 2, 45: Boeotum in crasso jurares aëre natum, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 244: falsum, to swear falsely, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108: vere, to swear truly, id. Fam. 5, 2, 7: jurarem per Jovem, by Jupiter, id. Ac. 2, 20, 65: per supremi regis regnum, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 211; Verg. A. 9, 300: per solis radios, Juv. 13, 78; 6, 16.—Also with simple acc. of the being or object sworn by (mostly poet.): Terram, Mare, Sidera, Verg. A. 12, 197; 6, 324: quomodo tibi placebit Jovem lapidem jurare, cum scias? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2: quaevis tibi numina, Ov. H. 16, 319: Samothracum aras, Juv. 3, 144.—Hence also pass.: dis juranda palus, the Styx, by which the gods swear, Ov. M. 2, 46; cf.: Stygias juravimus undas, id. ib. 2, 101: Junonis numina, Tib. 4, 13, 15: caput, Sil. 8, 106.— Rarely with acc. of the fact sworn to: morbum, i. e. to swear to the fact of sickness, Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1; cf.: jurata pacta, Sil. 2, 274: ex mei animi sententia, with sincerity, without reservation, Liv. 22, 53, 10; so, ex nostri animi sententia, Quint. 8, 5, 1; cf. Liv. 43, 15, 8; Gell. 4, 20, 3: alicui aliquid, to vow or promise to one, Stat. Th. 4, 396: sacramenta deis, Sil. 10, 448: alicui jurare, to swear allegiance to, Plin. Pan. 68, 4: in verba, to swear with certain words, i. e. to take a prescribed form of oath: Petreius in haec verba jurat, Caes. B. C. 1, 76: cur in certa verba jurent, Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132: milites in verba P. Scipionis jurarunt, Liv. 28, 29; 7, 5; 6, 22: in haec verba jures postulo, in this form of words, id. 22, 53, 12: in verba magistri, to echo his sentiments, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 14: in verba ejus, Suet. Galb. 16: in verba Vitellii, id. Oth. 8: idem deinceps omnis exercitus in se quisque jurat, i. e. each soldier took the oath separately; whereas the usual practice was that one man uttered the entire oath, and the others only added, idem in me, Liv. 2, 45, 14: in litem, to make oath respecting the matter in dispute, to appraise under oath, Cic. Rosc. Com. 1, 4; Dig. 4, 3, 18; 8, 5, 7 al.: in nomen alicujus, to swear allegiance to one, Suet. Claud. 10: in legem, to swear to observe a law, Cic. Sest. 16, 37: verissimum pulcherrimumque jusjurandum, to take an oath, id. Fam. 5, 2, 7: sacramenta, Sil. 10, 447; cf.: sceleri jurato nefando sacramenta, Luc. 4, 228.—With de and abl.: de sua persona, in one's own behalf, Dig. 44, 5, 1, § 3: de calumnia, to clear one's self of calumny under oath, ib. 12, 2, 16; 2, 8, 8, § 5.— Pass. impers.: scis, tibi ubique jurari, Plin. Pan. 68: ne in acta sua juraretur, Suet Tib. 26.—(b). Dep. form, Plaut. Pers. 3, 2, 2; cf. id. Rud. 5, 3, 16:
judici demonstrandum est, quid juratus sit, quid sequi debeat, Cic. Inv. 2, 43, 126: ex lege, in quam jurati sitis, id. ib. 2, 45, 121: juratus se eum sua manu interempturum, Liv. 32, 22, 7.— II. In partic., to conspire (cf. conjuro); with inf.: jurarunt inter se barbaros necare, Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14:
in me jurarunt somnus, ventusque, fidesque, Ov. H. 10, 117: in facinus, id. M. 1, 242.—Hence, jūrātus, a, um, P. a. A. Pass.
1. Called upon or taken to witness in an oath:
numina, Ov. H. 2, 25.—2. Under an oath, bound by an oath:
Regulus juratus missus est ad senatum, ut, etc., Cic. Off. 3, 26, 99: quamvis jurato metuam tibi credere testi, Juv. 5, 5.—B. Act., having sworn, that has sworn:
nam injurato scio plus credet mihi quam jurato tibi, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 281; id. As. 1, 1, 8: haec, quae juratus in maxima contione dixi, Cic. Sull. 11: in eadem arma, Ov. M. 13, 50.—Sup.: juratissimi auctores, the most trustworthy, Plin. H. N. praef. § 22. —Adv.: jūrātō, with an oath, under oath (post-class.): promittere, Dig. 2, 8, 16.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
iūrō āvī, ātus, āre
2 ius, to swear, take an oath: si aram tenens iuraret: ex animi tui sententiā, without reservation: Boeotum in crasso iurares aëre natum, H.: falsum, swear falsely: vere: testari deos per quos iuravisset, S.: per Iovem, by Jupiter: aedilis, qui pro se iuraret, in his stead, L.: idem omnis exercitus in se quisque iurat, i. e. each soldier individually, L.: Numquam ducturum uxorem, T.: se eum non deserturum, Cs.: verissimum ius iurandum.—With in and acc, to swear to observe, swear allegiance, vow obedience, adopt under oath: in legem: in leges, L.: in haec verba iurat ipse, takes this form of oath, Cs.: cur in certa verba iurent: in haec verba iures postulo, in this form of words, L.: in verba magistri, echo the sentiments, H.—To swear by, attest, call to witness: Terram, Mare, Sidera, V.: Iovem lapidem: quaevis tibi numina, O.: Samothracum aras, Iu.: Iurandae tuum per nomen arae, H.: dis iuranda palus, the Styx, by which the gods swear, O.—To swear to, attest by an oath: morbum, to the fact of sickness: id (nomen) iurare in litem, swear to a debt.—With person. obj., to swear, bind by an oath, cause to swear (only perf pass.): iudici demonstrandum est, quid iuratus sit: lex, in quam iurati sitis: iuratus se eum interempturum, L.—To conspire: In me, O.: in facinus, O.—In the phrase: iurare calumniam, to swear that an accusation is not malicious, L.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂ey-
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂óyu
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂yew-
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂yéwos
- Proto-Italic*jowos
- Archaic Latin *iowos,*iowez-
- Latiniūrō
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Archaic Latin -ō Archaic Latin iovesō Latin iūrō By surface analysis, iūs + -ō. From Archaic Latin iovesō, from *iowez- (the oblique stem of *iowos, whence iūs) + -ō. Ultimately from from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-.
Descendants
- Catalanjurar
- Italiangiurare
- Occitanjurar
- Portuguesejurarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese jurar
- Englishjuryfrom Old French jurer
- Frenchjurerfrom Old French jurer
- Spanishjurarfrom Old Spanish jurar
- Romanianjura
- Romanianjurare
- Sardiniangiurài