verbirregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund
īnsum
īnsum (present infinitive inesse, perfect active īnfuī, future active participle īnfutūrus)
Classical[ˈĩː.sũː]Ecclesiastical[ˈin.sum]
Meaning
- suppletiveto be in, to be on
- suppletiveto belong to, be involved in or with
etsi perque suos fallax iuravit ocellos Iunonemque suam perque suam Venerem,
Even if the deceitful one has sworn both by her eyes and her Juno and her Venus there will be no faith in [her]c. 50 BCE – 19 BCE, Albius Tibullus, III 4.47–49
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
intus sumīnsum -esse — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 22
Conjugation future irregular no supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | īnsum | ineram | inerō | īnfuī | īnfueram | īnfuerō |
| 2nd sg. | ines | inerās | ineris inere | īnfuistī | īnfuerās | īnfueris |
| 3rd sg. | inest | inerat | inerit | īnfuit | īnfuerat | īnfuerit |
| 1st pl. | īnsumus | inerāmus | inerimus | īnfuimus | īnfuerāmus | īnfuerimus |
| 2nd pl. | inestis | inerātis | ineritis | īnfuistis | īnfuerātis | īnfueritis |
| 3rd pl. | īnsunt | inerant | inerunt | īnfuērunt īnfuēre | īnfuerant | īnfuerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | īnsim īnsiem, īnfuam | inessem īnforem | īnfuerim | īnfuissem |
| 2nd sg. | īnsīs īnsiēs, īnfuās | inessēs īnforēs | īnfuerīs | īnfuissēs |
| 3rd sg. | īnsit īnsiet, īnfuat | inesset īnforet | īnfuerit | īnfuisset |
| 1st pl. | īnsīmus īnsiēmus, īnfuāmus | inessēmus īnforēmus | īnfuerīmus | īnfuissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | īnsītis īnsiētis, īnfuātis | inessētis īnforētis | īnfuerītis | īnfuissētis |
| 3rd pl. | īnsint īnsient, īnfuant | inessent īnforent | īnfuerint | īnfuissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | ines | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | ineste | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | inestō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | inestō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | inestōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | īnsuntō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | inesse | — |
| perfect infinitive | īnfuisse | — |
| future infinitive | īnfutūrum esse īnfore | — |
| future participle | īnfutūrus īnfutūra, īnfutūrā, īnfutūrae, īnfutūram, īnfutūrārum, īnfutūrās, īnfutūre, īnfutūrī, īnfutūrīs, īnfutūrō, īnfutūrōrum, īnfutūrōs, īnfutūrum | — |
in-sum, fui, esse, v. n.,
I. to be in or upon.
I. Lit.:
meo patri torulus inerit aureus sub petaso, Plaut. Am. prol. 144: nummi octingenti aurei in marsupio infuerunt, id. Rud. 5, 2, 26: nec digitis anulus ullus inest, Ov. F 4, 658: comae insunt capiti, id. Am. 1, 14, 32: inerant lunaria fronti cornua, id. M. 9, 687.—II. Trop., of abstract things, to be contained in, to be in, to belong or appertain to.
(a). With in:
superstitio, in qua inest inanis timor deorum, Cic. N. D. 1, 42: imagines divinitate praeditas inesse in universitate rerum, id. ib. 1, 43: in vita nihil insit, nisi, etc., id. Fam. 5, 15: vitium aliquod inesse in moribus, id. Off. 1, 37, 13.— (b). With dat.:
quibus artibus prudentia major inest, Cic. Off. 1, 2: cui virile ingenium inest, Sall. C. 20, 11: huic homini non minor veritas inerat, id. ib. 23, 2: tarda solet magnis rebus inesse fides, Ov. H. 17, 130.— (g). Absol.:
inest tamen aliquid, quod, etc., Cic. Phil. 11, 1: praecipue pedum pernicitas inerat, Liv. 9, 16: inerat contemptor animus, Sall. J. 64, 1: inerat conscientia, derisui fuisse nuper falsum e Germania triumphum, Tac. Agr. 39.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
īn-sum īnfuī, inesse,
to be in, be upon: ibi inerat pictura (i. e. in conclavi), T.: Hic . . . minotaurus inest, V.: in urbe: quae (fercula) inerant canistris, H.: inerant lunaria fronti Cornua, O.— Fig., to be contained in, be in, belong to, appertain to: inest tamen aliquid: praecipue pedum pernicitas inerat, L.: inerat contemptor animus, S.: inerat conscientia, derisui fuisse triumphum, Ta.: In amore haec insunt vitia, T.: in voltu vecordia inerat, S.: quibus autem in artibus prudentia inest: huic homini non minor vanitas inerat, S.: mihi cura inest, H.: inest hoc tempore odium.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
- Proto-Italic*en
- Proto-Italic*en-
- Latinīnsum
Latin sum Latin īnsum From in- + sum.