LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
noun · masculinesecond declension

inimīcus1

inimīcus m (genitive inimīcī)
Classical[ɪ.nɪˈmiː.kʊs]Ecclesiastical[i.niˈmiː.kus]
№ 952 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary

Meaning

  1. enemy, foe (someone who is hostile to, feels hatred towards, opposes the interests of, or intends injury to someone else)

Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers

Mille Verba cover
quī nōs ōdit quemque ōdimus.
inimīcus -ī m — in Mille Verba, Animus et Adfectūs

Declension

declension
formsingularplural
nominativeinimīcusinimīcī
genitiveinimīcīinimīcōrum
dativeinimīcōinimīcīs
accusativeinimīcuminimīcōs
ablativeinimīcōinimīcīs
vocativeinimīceinimīcī

Origins

  1. Proto-Indo-European*né
  2. Proto-Indo-European*n̥-
  3. Proto-Italic*n̥-
  4. Latininimīcus

Proto-Indo-European *h₃emh₃-der. Proto-Italic *amāō Latin amō Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -īcus Latin amīcus Latin inimīcus From in- (“not”) + amīcus (“friend”). Compare typologically Russian не́друг (nédrug), неприя́тель (neprijátelʹ).

Italo-Romance
  • Italiannemico
  • Italiannimico
  • Neapolitannemmìco
  • Siciliannimicu
Northern Gallo-Romance
  • Frenchennemifrom Old French enemi
  • Englishenemyfrom Old French enemi
  • Normanenn'mînfrom Old French enemi
  • Scotsenemyfrom Old French enemi
Southern Gallo-Romance
  • Catalanenemic
  • Occitanenemic
Ibero-Romance
  • Portugueseinimigofrom Old Galician-Portuguese ẽemigo
  • Spanishenemigofrom Old Spanish enemigo
  • Asturianenemigu
  • Galicianinimigofrom Old Galician-Portuguese ẽemigo
Borrowings
  • Romanianinamic
  • Romanianinimic
Sardinian
  • Sardiniananemigu
Balkan Romance
  • Albanianarmik
  • Albaniananmik
  • Albaniananëmik
Dalmatian
  • unknownnemaic
  • unknownnemaik
Padanian
  • Friuliannimì
  • Friulianinimì
  • Romanshinimi
  • Venetannemigo
adjectivefirst/second-declension adjective
inimīcus2
inimīcus (feminine inimīca, neuter inimīcum, comparative inimicior, superlative inimicissimus)
Classical[ɪ.nɪˈmiː.kʊs]Ecclesiastical[i.niˈmiː.kus]
№ 952 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary

Meaning

  1. adjectiveunfriendly, hostile, inimical
    “Gēns inimīca mihī Tyrrhēnum nāvigat aequor, Īlium in Ītaliam portāns vīctōsque Penātēs.” “A race inimical to me is sailing the calm Tyrrhenian Sea, bringing Ilium to Italy, along with [their] conquered household-gods.” (Juno is describing the Trojan war survivors led by Aeneas. See: Tyrrhenian Sea; Troy; Di Penates.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.67–68
  2. adjectiveinjurious

Declension

singular
formmasculinefeminineneuter
nominativeinimīcusinimīcainimīcum
genitiveinimīcīinimīcaeinimīcī
dativeinimīcōinimīcaeinimīcō
accusativeinimīcuminimīcaminimīcum
ablativeinimīcōinimīcāinimīcō
vocativeinimīceinimīcainimīcum
plural
formmasculinefeminineneuter
nominativeinimīcīinimīcaeinimīca
genitiveinimīcōruminimīcāruminimīcōrum
dativeinimīcīsinimīcīsinimīcīs
accusativeinimīcōsinimīcāsinimīca
ablativeinimīcīsinimīcīsinimīcīs
vocativeinimīcīinimīcaeinimīca

Lewis & Short A Latin Dictionary, 1879

ĭnĭmīcus, a, um (
I. gen. plur.: ĭnĭmī-cūm, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 14), adj. 2. in-amicus, unfriendly, hostile, inimical.
I. Adj.
A. Of persons: quod eos infenso animo atque inimico venisse dicatis, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149; id. Phil. 10, 10, 21; cf.: quam inimico vultu intuitur, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 25: inter omnia inimica infestaque, Liv. 22, 39, 13: Clodius inimicus est nobis, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 6; 11, 10, 2; id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28; cf. in sup.: Hannibal nomini Romano, Nep. Hann. 7, 3; Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4: animorum motus inimicissimi mentis, Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34.—
B. Of inanim. things, hurtful, injurious: raphani dentibus inimici, Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 86: (naves) accipiunt inimicum imbrem, Verg. A. 1, 123: odor nervis, Hor. S. 2, 4, 53: maritare ulmos nisi validas inimicum (est), Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 203.—Comp.: nec quidquam inimicius quam illa (oratio) versibus, Cic. Or. 57, 194; id. Fam. 3, 8, 9. —Sup.: brassica stomacho inimicissima, Plin. 20, 9, 38, § 96.—
2. Like hostilis, hostile: nomina, Verg. A. 11, 84: tela, id. ib. 11, 809: insigne, spoils of a vanquished foe, id. ib. 12, 944: terra, id. ib. 10, 295: natura inimica inter se esse liberam civitatem et regem, Liv. 44, 24, 2: in hostili terra, inter omnia inimica infestaque, id. 22, 39, 13.—
II. Substt.
A. ĭnĭmīcus, i, m., an enemy, foe, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58: quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario, id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; Nep. Them. 9, 4; id. Alc. 4, 1; 2, 6 al.: aliquem insectari tamquam inimicum et hostem, Liv. 39, 28, 13: paternus, hereditary, Paul. Sent. 2, 27, 1.—
B. ĭnĭ-mīca, ae, f.: cujusquam inimica, Cic. Cael. 13, 32.— Sup.: ubi vidit fortissimum virum inimicissimum suum, certissimum consulem, greatest enemy, Cic. Mil. 9, 25; Nep. Eum. 6, 3; id. Dat. 5, 4; id. Hann. 12, 2; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 410, and v. iniquus, II. B. fin.— Adv., in two forms.
1. ĭnĭmīcē, in an unfriendly manner, hostilely, inimically: vide quam tecum agam non inimice, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34: insectari aliquem, id. N. D. 1, 3, 5.—Comp.: infestius aut inimicius consulere, Liv. 28, 29, 8.— Sup.: inimicissime contendere, Cic. Quint. 21, 66.—
2. ĭnĭmīcĭter, adv., hostilely, inimically: accensus, Acc. ap. Non. 514, 22: commoti inimiciter, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 3, 8, 8; Enn. ap. Prisc. 1010 P.

Origins

  1. Proto-Indo-European*né
  2. Proto-Indo-European*n̥-
  3. Proto-Italic*n̥-
  4. Latininimīcus

Proto-Indo-European *h₃emh₃-der. Proto-Italic *amāō Latin amō Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -īcus Latin amīcus Latin inimīcus From in- (“not”) + amīcus (“friend”). Compare typologically Russian не́друг (nédrug), неприя́тель (neprijátelʹ).

Descendants
  • Frenchennemi
  • Italiannemico
  • Spanishenemigo