verbthird conjugation
īnfringō
īnfringō (present infinitive īnfringere, perfect active īnfrēgī, supine īnfrāctum)
Classical[ĩːˈfrɪŋ.ɡoː]Ecclesiastical[iɱˈfriŋ.ɡo]
Meaning
- to break off, infringe
- to check, weaken, lessen, diminish, mitigate or assuage
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
vī frangōīnfringō -ere — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 18
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | īnfringō | īnfringēbam | īnfringam | īnfrēgī | īnfrēgeram | īnfrēgerō |
| 2nd sg. | īnfringis | īnfringēbās | īnfringēs | īnfrēgistī | īnfrēgerās | īnfrēgeris |
| 3rd sg. | īnfringit | īnfringēbat | īnfringet | īnfrēgit | īnfrēgerat | īnfrēgerit |
| 1st pl. | īnfringimus | īnfringēbāmus | īnfringēmus | īnfrēgimus | īnfrēgerāmus | īnfrēgerimus |
| 2nd pl. | īnfringitis | īnfringēbātis | īnfringētis | īnfrēgistis | īnfrēgerātis | īnfrēgeritis |
| 3rd pl. | īnfringunt | īnfringēbant | īnfringent | īnfrēgērunt īnfrēgēre | īnfrēgerant | īnfrēgerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | īnfringam | īnfringerem | īnfrēgerim | īnfrēgissem |
| 2nd sg. | īnfringās | īnfringerēs | īnfrēgerīs | īnfrēgissēs |
| 3rd sg. | īnfringat | īnfringeret | īnfrēgerit | īnfrēgisset |
| 1st pl. | īnfringāmus | īnfringerēmus | īnfrēgerīmus | īnfrēgissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | īnfringātis | īnfringerētis | īnfrēgerītis | īnfrēgissētis |
| 3rd pl. | īnfringant | īnfringerent | īnfrēgerint | īnfrēgissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | īnfringor | īnfringēbar | īnfringar |
| 2nd sg. | īnfringeris īnfringere | īnfringēbāris īnfringēbāre | īnfringēris īnfringēre |
| 3rd sg. | īnfringitur | īnfringēbātur | īnfringētur |
| 1st pl. | īnfringimur | īnfringēbāmur | īnfringēmur |
| 2nd pl. | īnfringiminī | īnfringēbāminī | īnfringēminī |
| 3rd pl. | īnfringuntur | īnfringēbantur | īnfringentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | īnfringar | īnfringerer |
| 2nd sg. | īnfringāris īnfringāre | īnfringerēris īnfringerēre |
| 3rd sg. | īnfringātur | īnfringerētur |
| 1st pl. | īnfringāmur | īnfringerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | īnfringāminī | īnfringerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | īnfringantur | īnfringerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | īnfringe | īnfringere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | īnfringite | īnfringiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | īnfringitō | īnfringitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | īnfringitō | īnfringitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | īnfringitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | īnfringuntō | īnfringuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | īnfringere | īnfringī |
| perfect infinitive | īnfrēgisse | īnfrāctum esse |
| future infinitive | īnfrāctūrum esse | īnfrāctum īrī |
| present participle | īnfringēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | īnfrāctus īnfrācta, īnfrāctā, īnfrāctae, īnfrāctam, īnfrāctārum, īnfrāctās, īnfrācte, īnfrāctī, īnfrāctīs, īnfrāctō, īnfrāctōrum, īnfrāctōs |
| future participle | īnfrāctūrus īnfrāctūra, īnfrāctūrā, īnfrāctūrae, īnfrāctūram, īnfrāctūrārum, īnfrāctūrās, īnfrāctūre, īnfrāctūrī, īnfrāctūrīs, īnfrāctūrō, īnfrāctūrōrum, īnfrāctūrōs, īnfrāctūrum | īnfringendus īnfringundus, īnfringenda, īnfringendā, īnfringendae, īnfringendam, īnfringendārum, īnfringendās, īnfringende, īnfringendīs, īnfringendōrum, īnfringendōs |
gerundīnfringendī, īnfringendō, īnfringendumsupineīnfrāctum, īnfrāctū
in-fringo, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. infrango,
I. to break off, to break, bruise, crack.
I. Lit.:
infractis omnibus hastis, Liv. 40, 40, 7: ut si quis violas riguove papavera in horto Liliaque infringat, Ov. M. 10, 191: genibusque tumens infringitur unda, Val. Fl. 5, 412: manus, to snap or crack one's fingers, Petr. 17: articulos, Quint. 11, 3, 158: latus liminibus, to bruise one's side by lying on the threshold, Hor. Epod. 11, 22: infractus remus, appearing broken, in consequence of the refraction of the rays in the water, Cic. Ac. 2, 25; cf.: infracti radii resiliunt, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103: ossa infracta extrahere, id. 23, 7, 63, § 119.—B. Transf., to strike one thing against another: digitos citharae, to strike or play upon the lute, Stat. Ach. 1, 575:
alicui colaphum, to give one a box on the ear, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46; Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 130: linguam (metu), to stammer, Lucr. 3, 155.— II. Trop., to break, check, weaken, lessen, diminish, mitigate, assuage:
ut primus incursus et vis militum infringeretur, Caes. B. C. 3, 92: conatus adversariorum, id. ib. 2, 21: florem dignitatis, Cic. Balb. 6, 15: militum gloriam, id. Mil. 2, 5: animos hostium, Liv. 38, 16: spem, Cic. Or. 2, 6: tribunatum alicujus, id. de Or. 1, 7, 24: vehementius esse quiddam suspicor, quod te infringat, id. Att. 7, 2, 2: continuam laudem humanitatis, Plin. Ep. 7, 31, 3: res Samnitium, Liv. 8, 39, 10: difficultatem, to overcome, Col. 2, 4, 10: jus consulis, Dig. 34, 9, 5 fin.: fortia facta suis modis, to weaken, Ov. Tr. 2, 412: deos precatu, to appease by entreaties, Stat. Ach. 1, 144: infringitur ille quasi verborum ambitus, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 186: infringendis concidendisque numeris, id. Or. 69, 230: vocem de industria, purposely to make plaintive, Sen. Contr. 3, 19.—B. To destroy, make void, break:
quoniam haec gloriatio non infringetur in me, Vulg. 2 Cor. 11, 10: legem, ib. 1 Macc. 1, 66. — Hence, infractus, a, um, P. a., broken, bent. 1. Lit.:
mares caprarum longis auribus infractisque probant, Plin. 8, 50, 76, § 202.— 2. Trop., broken, exhausted, weakened, subdued.
a. In gen.:
infractos animos gerere, Liv. 7, 31, 6: nihil infractus Appii animus, id. 2, 59, 4: oratio submissa et infracta, id. 38, 14: infractae ad proelia vires, Verg. A. 9, 499: veritas, falsified, Tac. H. 1, 1: fides metu infracta, shaken, id. ib. 3, 42: tributa, diminished, id. ib. 4, 57: potentia matris, id. A. 13, 12: fama, injured reputation, Verg. A. 7, 332; Tac. H. 2, 22: Latini, broken, Verg. A. 12, 1.—b. Diluted:
fel aqua infractum, Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 186.— c. In partic., of speech, broken off:
infracta et amputata loqui, broken, unconnected, Cic. Or. 51, 170: infracta loquela, broken talk, baby - talk, Lucr. 5, 230: cum vocem ejus (delicati) infractam videret, effeminate, Gell. 3, 5, 2: vocibus delinitus infractis, Arn. 4, 141.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
īnfringō frēgī, frāctus, ere
in+frango, to break off, break, bruise: infractis omnibus hastis, L.: infracta tela, V.: violas Liliaque, O.: quibus (liminibus) latus, bruise on the threshold, H.: infractus remus (broken, to the eye).—To inflict: Homini colaphos, T.—Fig., to break, subdue, overcome, check, weaken, mitigate, assuage: ut vis militum infringeretur, Cs.: florem dignitatis: animos eorum, L.: infractae vires, V.: fortia facta suis modis, weaken, O.: nec fatis infracta (Iuno), appeased, V.: infringitur ille quasi verborum ambitus, is broken off.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
- Proto-Italic*en
- Proto-Italic*en-
- Latinīnfringō
Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- Proto-Indo-European *-né- Latin frangō Latin īnfringō From in- + frangō.
Borrowings
- Catalaninfringir
- Englishinfringe
- Portugueseinfringir
- Spanishinfringir
- Galicianinfrinxir
In English words that came into English from īnfringō
- infringeīnfringō
- infractioninfractio
- infractīnfringō