verbfirst conjugation, no passive
incubō1
incubō (present infinitive incubāre, perfect active incubuī, supine incubitum)
Classical[ˈɪŋ.kʊ.boː]Ecclesiastical[ˈiŋ.ku.bo]
Meaning
- to lie, sit, or settle in, on or upon; recline
Sōla domō maeret vacuā, strātīsque relictīs / incubat, [...].
Alone in the empty house, [Dido] mourns, and lies down upon the bedcovers [he has] abandoned, ….29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.82-83 - to sit upon to brood or hatch
- to abide in; to inhabit
- figurativelyto brood over
- figurativelyto weigh upon; to be a burden to
- to settle on; to attach to
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
super ōva sedeō ut avisincubō -āre — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 23
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | incubō | incubābam | incubābō | incubuī | incubueram | incubuerō |
| 2nd sg. | incubās | incubābās | incubābis | incubuistī | incubuerās | incubueris |
| 3rd sg. | incubat | incubābat | incubābit | incubuit | incubuerat | incubuerit |
| 1st pl. | incubāmus | incubābāmus | incubābimus | incubuimus | incubuerāmus | incubuerimus |
| 2nd pl. | incubātis | incubābātis | incubābitis | incubuistis | incubuerātis | incubueritis |
| 3rd pl. | incubant | incubābant | incubābunt | incubuērunt incubuēre | incubuerant | incubuerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | incubem | incubārem | incubuerim | incubuissem |
| 2nd sg. | incubēs | incubārēs | incubuerīs | incubuissēs |
| 3rd sg. | incubet | incubāret | incubuerit | incubuisset |
| 1st pl. | incubēmus | incubārēmus | incubuerīmus | incubuissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | incubētis | incubārētis | incubuerītis | incubuissētis |
| 3rd pl. | incubent | incubārent | incubuerint | incubuissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | incubā | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | incubāte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | incubātō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | incubātō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | incubātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | incubantō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | incubāre | — |
| perfect infinitive | incubuisse incubāvisse | — |
| future infinitive | incubitūrum esse | — |
| present participle | incubāns | — |
| future participle | incubitūrus incubitūra, incubitūrā, incubitūrae, incubitūram, incubitūrārum, incubitūrās, incubitūre, incubitūrī, incubitūrīs, incubitūrō, incubitūrōrum, incubitūrōs, incubitūrum | — |
gerundincubandī, incubandō, incubandumsupineincubitum, incubitū
in-cŭbo, ŭi, ĭtum, āre (rarely āvi, ātum, in the sense of to brood), 1, v. n. and a.
I. , to lie in a place or upon a thing (class.).
I. Lit.:
hic leno aegrotus incubat in Aesculapii fano, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 61: namque incubare satius te fuerat Jovi, against (the statue of) Jupiter, id. ib. 2, 2, 16: umero incubat hasta, rests, lies upon her shoulder, Ov. M. 6, 593: ipsi caetris superpositis incubantes flumen tranavere, Liv. 21, 27, 5: his (utribus) incubantes tranavere amnem, Curt. 7, 21, 18.— Poet.: ferro, to fall upon one's sword, Sen. Hippol. 259.— In part. pres.: incubans, lying near to, bordering upon: jugum mari, Plin. 6, 17, 20, § 53.— B. In partic.
1. To sit upon eggs, to brood, to hatch:
gallinas incubare fetibus alienigenis patiemur, Col. 8, 5, 10: ova gallinis incubanda subicere, Plin. 10, 59, 79, § 161: ova incubita, id. 29, 3, 11, § 45.—2. To abide or dwell in:
rure incubabo in praefectura mea, Plaut. Cas. 1, 1, 21: lucos et specus, to inhabit, App. M. 4, p. 150, 15. — Pregn.: tabernulam littori proximam, vitatis maris fluctibus, incubabant, i. e. entered and lodged, App. M. 7, p. 190.—3. To be in, lie in, rest in or on:
purpura atque auro, Sen. Thyest. 909: pavidusque pinnis anxiae noctis vigil incubabat, on his wings, id. ib. 570 sq.—4. To cling to, fall upon, said of mourners over the dead, etc.:
indigna fui marito accendisse rogum, incubuisse viro? Luc. 9, 57; 8, 727; cf. id. 2, 27 al.— II. Trop., to brood over, to watch jealously over a thing, either to keep or get possession of it:
qui illi pecuniae, quam condiderat, spe jam atque animo incubaret, Cic. Clu. 26, 72: auro, Verg. G. 2, 507: divitiis, id. A. 6, 610: publicis thesauris, to retain sole possession of, Liv. 6, 15: opimae praedae, Flor. 2, 10, 2.— 2. To press upon, weigh upon, be a burden to, fasten on:
ut inhaerentem atque incubantem Italiae extorqueret Annibalem, Flor. 2, 6, 57: protervus menti furor, Sen. Hippol. 268: illi mors gravis incubat, id. Thyest. 401.—3. To settle on, attach one's self to any thing. — Absol., of bees:
nisi incubavere, Plin. 11, 16, 15, § 45.— Usually with dat.: leo victor armento incubat, Sen. Thyest. 733: ponto nox incubat atra, glooms over, darkens, Verg. A. 1, 89: quamvis ipsis urbis faucibus incubaret, took up a position at, Flor. 1, 10, 2; but cf.: pigra incubat Caligo terras, Avien. Or. Mar. 236: caelum quod incubat urbi, Val. Fl. 2, 494.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
in-cubō uī, itus, āre,
to lie upon, rest on: Pellibus stratis, V.: umero incubat hasta, rests upon her shoulder, O.: caetris superpositis incubantes flumen tranavere, L.: aper Erymantho Incubat, lies dead, O.—Fig., to brood over, watch jealously over: pecuniae spe atque animo: divitiis, V.: publicis thensauris, L.—To settle on, brood over: ponto nox incubat atra, V.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
- Proto-Italic*en
- Proto-Italic*en-
- Proto-Italic*kubāō
- Proto-Italic*enkubāō
- Latinincubō
From Proto-Italic *enkubāō. By surface analysis, in- + cubō (“to lie down”).
Descendants
- Catalanincubar
- Englishincubate
- Frenchincuber
- Italianincubare
- Portugueseincubar
- Romanianincuba
- Spanishincubar
In English words that came into English from incubō
- incubationincubātiō
- incubusincubus
- incubateincubātus