gestiō1
Meaning
- intransitiveto gesticulate
Ergo mirabar quod dudum scapulae gestibant mihi, hariolari quae occeperunt sibi esse in mundo malum.
So that’s why I was wondering why my shoulder blades were tickling not long ago; they began to prophesy that trouble was in store for them.c. 209 BCE, Plautus, Asinaria 315–316sic hilariores illae, cupiditas avide semper aliquid expetens et inanis alacritas, id est laetitia gestiens non multum differunt ab amentia.
1927 translation by J. E. King so those gayer emotions—desire that is always greedily coveting something, and empty eagerness, that is, exuberant delight—are not far different from aberration of mind. (literally, “Thus, those more cheerful emotions—desire always avariciously seeking something and empty alacrity, that is gesticulating with delight—are not much different from madness”)c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes 4.36 - intransitiveto let (oneself) go, digress
Quapropter historiae nonnumquam ubertas in aliqua exercendi stili parte ponenda et dialogorum libertate gestiendum.
2002 translation by Donald A. Russell For the same reason, the richness of History should sometimes play a part in some writing exercises, and we should sometimes let ourselves go in the free manner of the Dialogue.c. 95 CE, Quintilianus, Institutio oratoria 10.5.15 - intransitiveto exult, be joyful, cheerful
Chaerea, quid est quod sic gestis?
2001 translation by John Barsby Chaerea, how come you’re so excited?161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Eunuchus 3.5 - transitiveto desire, be eager
Ex insula Creta quispiam aetatem Athenis agens Platonicum sese philosophum dicebat et viderier gestibat.
A man from the island from Crete living in Athens called himself a Platonic philosopher, and he desired to be seen as suchc. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 15.2.1–2
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
valdē cupiōcupidē volōvaldē cupiō, prae gaudiō ārdeōChoosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Velle · Optare · Expetere · Cupere · Avere · Gestire
1. Velle, optare, and expetere, are acts of calm reason and self-determination; whereas cupere, avere, and gestire, acts of excited feeling and of passion. Senec. Ep. 116. Cum tibi cupere interdixero, velle permittam. 2. Velle (ἑλεῖν) means to wish, and co-operate towards the realization of one’s wish, like θέλειν and βούλεσθαι; optare (from ποθεῖν) to wish, and leave the realization of one’s wish to others, or to fate, like ποθεῖν; expetere, to wish, and apply to others for the realization of one’s wish, like ὀρέγεσθαι. Sen. Ep. 95. Sæpe aliud volumus, aliud optamus. Cic. Off. i. 20. Nihil nisi quod honestum sit homines aut admirari aut optare aut expetere oportet. 3. Cupere (κάπτειν) denotes a vehement, passionate desire; gestire (γηθεῖν), a lively desire, showing itself by gestures; avere (from χαίνειν, χάος), an impatient, hasty desire. Cupidus means, being eagerly desirous of something, like ἐπιθυμῶν; gestiens, rejoicing in anticipation of something, like χρῄζων; avidus, being greedy after something. Cic. Sen. 8. Græcas literas sic avide arripui, quasi diuturnam sitim explere cupiens; comp. with Att. ii. 18. Intellexi quam suspenso animo et sollicito scire averes, quid esset novi. And, iv. 11. Perge reliqua; gestio scire ista omnia. (v. 57.)
Gaudere · Lætari · Hilaris · Alacer · Gestire · Exsultare
1. Gaudere (from γαῦρος) denotes joy as an inward state of mind, in opp. to dolor, like ἥδεσθαι; whereas lætari and hilarem esse, the utterance of joy. Tac. Hist. ii. 29. Ut valens processit, gaudium, miseratio, favor; versi in lætitiam . . . . laudantes gratantesque. 2. The lætus (from λιλαίομοι) shows his joy in a calm cheerfulness, which attests perfect satisfaction with the present, in opp. to mœstus, Tac. Ann. xv. 23; the hilaris (ἱλαρός) in awakened mirth, disposing to jest and laughter, in opp. to tristis; the alacer (ἀλκή) in energetic vivacity, evincing spirit and activity, in opp. to territus. Cic. Cœl. 28. The gaudens, the lætus, the hilaris, derive joy from a piece of good fortune; the alacer at the same time from employment and action. Cic. Divin. i. 33, 73. Equum alacrem lætus adspexit. Lætitia shows itself chiefly in an unwrinkled forehead, and a mouth curled for smiling; hilaritas, in eyes quickly moving, shining, and radiant with joy; alacritas, in eyes that roll, sparkle, and announce spirit. Sen. Ep. 116. Quantam serenitatem lætitia dat. Tac. Agr. 39. Fronte lætus, pectore anxius. Cic. Pis. 5. Te hilarioribus oculis quam solitus es intuente. 3. Gaudere and lætari denote a moderate; exsultare and gestire, and perhaps the antiquated word vitulari, a passionate, uncontrolled joy, as to exult and triumph; the gestiens (γηθεῖν) discovers this by an involuntary elevation of the whole being, sparkling eyes, inability to keep quiet, etc.; the exsultans, by a voluntary, full resignation of himself to joy, which displays itself, if not by skipping and jumping, at least by an indiscreet outbreak of joy, bordering on extravagance. 4. Jucundus denotes, like juvat me, a momentary excitement of joy; lætus, a more lasting state of joy; hence lætus is used as the stronger expression, in Plin. Ep. v. 12. Quam mihi a quocunque excoli jucundum, a te vero lætissimum est. (iii. 242.)
Conjugation conjugation 4
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | gestiō | gestiēbam | gestiam | gestīvī gestiī | gestīveram gestieram | gestīverō gestierō |
| 2nd sg. | gestīs | gestiēbās | gestiēs | gestīvistī gestiistī | gestīverās gestierās | gestīveris gestieris |
| 3rd sg. | gestit | gestiēbat | gestiet | gestīvit gestiit | gestīverat gestierat | gestīverit gestierit |
| 1st pl. | gestīmus | gestiēbāmus | gestiēmus | gestīvimus gestiimus | gestīverāmus gestierāmus | gestīverimus gestierimus |
| 2nd pl. | gestītis | gestiēbātis | gestiētis | gestīvistis gestiistis | gestīverātis gestierātis | gestīveritis gestieritis |
| 3rd pl. | gestiunt | gestiēbant | gestient | gestīvērunt gestīvēre, gestiērunt, gestiēre | gestīverant gestierant | gestīverint gestierint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | gestiam | gestīrem | gestīverim gestierim | gestīvissem gestiissem |
| 2nd sg. | gestiās | gestīrēs | gestīverīs gestierīs | gestīvissēs gestiissēs |
| 3rd sg. | gestiat | gestīret | gestīverit gestierit | gestīvisset gestiisset |
| 1st pl. | gestiāmus | gestīrēmus | gestīverīmus gestierīmus | gestīvissēmus gestiissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | gestiātis | gestīrētis | gestīverītis gestierītis | gestīvissētis gestiissētis |
| 3rd pl. | gestiant | gestīrent | gestīverint gestierint | gestīvissent gestiissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | gestī | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | gestīte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | gestītō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | gestītō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | gestītōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | gestiuntō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | gestīre | — |
| perfect infinitive | gestīvisse gestiisse | — |
| future infinitive | gestītūrum esse | — |
| present participle | gestiēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | gestīta gestītā, gestītae, gestītam, gestītārum, gestītās, gestītī, gestītōrum, gestītōs, gestītus |
| future participle | gestītūrus gestītūra, gestītūrā, gestītūrae, gestītūram, gestītūrārum, gestītūrās, gestītūre, gestītūrī, gestītūrīs, gestītūrō, gestītūrōrum, gestītūrōs, gestītūrum | — |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- laetitia gestiens
- a transport of joy.
- laetitia gestire (Tusc. 4. 6. 13)
- to be transported with joy.
gestibant, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 49), v. n. 2. gestus, I., to use passionate gestures, to throw one's self about (espec. for joy), to be transported, to exult, to be joyful, cheerful (cf.: exsilio, exsulto): gestit, qui subitā felicitate exhilaratus nimio corporis motu praeter consuetudinem exsultat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 387 (freq. and class.). quorum alter laetitiā gestiat, alter dolore crucietur, Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 14; cf.: voluptate nimiā gestire, id. Off. 1, 29, 102: inani laetitia exsultans et temere gestiens, id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16: Veliterni coloni gestientes otio, Liv. 6, 36, 1: cur non gestiret taurus equae contrectatione, equus vaccae, Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 77; Col. 8, 15, 4: secundis rebus, Liv. 45, 19, 7.—quid est, quod sic gestis? Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 10; cf. ib. 7: hac (eloquentiā) deducimus perterritos a timore, hac gestientes comprimimus, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 148: tum gestit aper, cum sese Martia tigris Abstulit, Val. Fl. 3, 634: cum laetitia, ut adepta jam aliquid concupitum, efferatur et gestiat, Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; cf. id. ib. § 13.—* quapropter historiae nonnumquam ubertas in aliqua exercendi stili parte ponenda, et dialogorum libertate gestiendum, Quint. 10, 5, 15.—roga, obsecro hercle, gestio promittere, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 114; 4, 6, 11: machaera, quae gestit stragem facere, id. Mil. 1, 1, 8: moecho abdomen adimere, id. ib. 5, 1, 5: gestio scire ista omnia, Cic. Att. 4, 11, 1: Antonius senatum delere gestit, id. Phil. 6, 14: nihil erat, quod Zeno mutare gestiret, id. Fin. 4, 4, 8: transfuga divitum Partes linquere gestio, Hor. C. 3, 16, 24: fuge, quo descendere gestis, id. Ep. 1, 20, 5: quod gestiat animus aliquid agere in re publica, Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4.—With pass. inf.: equidem illam moveri gestio, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 43: ipsum gestio dari mihi in conspectum, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 30; Plin. Pan. 39, 2; Gell. 16, 13, 4.—(cygnos) nunc currere in undas, Et studio incassum videas gestire lavandi, Verg. G. 1, 387.—dudum scapulae gestibant mihi, i. e. were longing for the whip, id. As. 2, 2, 49: inridere ne videare et gestire admodum, id. Most. 3, 2, 126. Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂eǵ-
- Proto-Italic*gezō
- Latingestiō
Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Italic *-tus Latin -tus Latin gestus Proto-Indo-European *-yétider. Latin -iō Latin gestiō From gestus (“gesture”) + -iō. Regarding the semantics, compare within Latin exsiliō and exsultō. Compare also English jump for joy.