verbfirst conjugation
extenuō
extenuō (present infinitive extenuāre, perfect active extenuāvī, supine extenuātum)
Classical[ɛkˈstɛ.nu.oː]Ecclesiastical[ekˈstɛː.nu.o]
Meaning
- to thin, reduce, diminish
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | extenuō | extenuābam | extenuābō | extenuāvī | extenuāveram | extenuāverō extenuārō |
| 2nd sg. | extenuās | extenuābās | extenuābis | extenuāvistī extenuāstī | extenuāverās extenuārās | extenuāveris |
| 3rd sg. | extenuat | extenuābat | extenuābit | extenuāvit | extenuāverat extenuārat | extenuāverit extenuārit |
| 1st pl. | extenuāmus | extenuābāmus | extenuābimus | extenuāvimus | extenuāverāmus | extenuāverimus extenuārimus |
| 2nd pl. | extenuātis | extenuābātis | extenuābitis | extenuāvistis extenuāstis | extenuāverātis extenuārātis | extenuāveritis extenuāritis |
| 3rd pl. | extenuant | extenuābant | extenuābunt | extenuāvērunt extenuāvēre, extenuārunt | extenuāverant extenuārant | extenuāverint extenuārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | extenuem | extenuārem | extenuāverim extenuārim | extenuāvissem extenuāssem |
| 2nd sg. | extenuēs | extenuārēs | extenuāverīs | extenuāvissēs extenuāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | extenuet | extenuāret | extenuāverit extenuārit | extenuāvisset extenuāsset |
| 1st pl. | extenuēmus | extenuārēmus | extenuāverīmus extenuārīmus | extenuāvissēmus extenuāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | extenuētis | extenuārētis | extenuāverītis extenuārītis | extenuāvissētis extenuāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | extenuent | extenuārent | extenuāverint extenuārint | extenuāvissent extenuāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | extenuor | extenuābar | extenuābor |
| 2nd sg. | extenuāris extenuāre | extenuābāris extenuābāre | extenuāberis extenuābere |
| 3rd sg. | extenuātur | extenuābātur | extenuābitur |
| 1st pl. | extenuāmur | extenuābāmur | extenuābimur |
| 2nd pl. | extenuāminī | extenuābāminī | extenuābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | extenuantur | extenuābantur | extenuābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | extenuer | extenuārer |
| 2nd sg. | extenuēris extenuēre | extenuārēris extenuārēre |
| 3rd sg. | extenuētur | extenuārētur |
| 1st pl. | extenuēmur | extenuārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | extenuēminī | extenuārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | extenuentur | extenuārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | extenuā | extenuāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | extenuāte | extenuāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | extenuātō | extenuātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | extenuātō | extenuātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | extenuātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | extenuantō | extenuantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | extenuāre | extenuārī |
| perfect infinitive | extenuāvisse extenuāsse | extenuātum esse |
| future infinitive | extenuātūrum esse | extenuātum īrī |
| present participle | extenuāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | extenuātus extenuāta, extenuātā, extenuātae, extenuātam, extenuātārum, extenuātās, extenuātī, extenuātōrum, extenuātōs |
| future participle | extenuātūrus extenuātūra, extenuātūrā, extenuātūrae, extenuātūram, extenuātūrārum, extenuātūrās, extenuātūre, extenuātūrī, extenuātūrīs, extenuātūrō, extenuātūrōrum, extenuātūrōs, extenuātūrum | extenuandus extenuanda, extenuandā, extenuandae, extenuandam, extenuandārum, extenuandās, extenuande, extenuandīs, extenuandōrum, extenuandōs |
gerundextenuandī, extenuandō, extenuandumsupineextenuātum, extenuātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- spes extenuatur et evanescit
- hope is vanishing by degrees.
ex-tĕnŭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.,
I. to make thin, fine, or small, to thin, reduce, diminish (class.; syn.: attenuo, minuo; opp. augeo, amplifico).
I. Lit.:
lignum falce, Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 6: aër extenuatus sublime fertur, rarefied, Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: dentibus extenuatur et molitur cibus, id. ib. 2, 54, 134: in pulverem extenuari, Plin. 18, 16, 43, § 148: in aquas, Ov. M. 5, 429: mediam aciem, Liv. 5, 38, 2; 31, 21, 14: in Piceno lapidibus pluisse et Caere sortes extenuatas, diminished, id. 21, 62, 5 Drak. (for which, shortly after: attenuatae sortes; cf. also id. 22, 1, 11).—B. In partic., in medic. lang., to diminish, reduce, weaken, alleviate a disease:
pituitam, Cels. 6, 6, 8: destillationes, Plin. 21, 21, 89, § 155: albugines, id. 29, 6, 38, § 127: raucitatem, id. 20, 6, 23, § 50: scabiem, id. 32, 10, 51, § 140 et saep.—II. Trop., to diminish, lessen, weaken:
neque verbis auget suum munus, sed etiam extenuat, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 70: locupletissimi cujusque census extenuarant, tenuissimi auxerant, had made too small, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 55, § 138: spes nostra extenuatur et evanescit, id. Att. 3, 13, 1: quae cogitatio molestias extenuat et diluit, id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34: crimen, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40, § 108: famam belli, Liv. 5, 37, 3: extenua forti mala corde ferendo, Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 57: curas mora longa, id. P. 1, 3, 26: vires, Hor. S. 1, 10, 14 et saep.—Hence, extĕnŭātus, a, um, P. a., thinned, weakened, weak. A. Lit.: (copiolae meae) sunt extenuatissimae, very much thinned, reduced, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 2.—
B. Trop.:
ratio, Auct. Her. 2, 24, 37.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
ex-tenuō āvī, ātus, āre,
to make small, reduce, diminish: aër extenuatus, rarefied: in aquas, O.: mediam aciem, L.: extenuatā acie, S. — Fig., to diminish, lessen, weaken, extenuate, detract from: laudes verbis: cuiusque censūs: molestias: famam belli, L.: vires, H.
Origins
From ex- (intensifying prefix) + tenuō (“to enfeeble, weaken, wear down; to lessen, reduce; to make thin”).
Descendants
- Englishextenuate
- Frenchexténuer
- Italianestenuare
- Portugueseextenuar
- Romanianextenua
- Spanishextenuar
- Albanianshtërras
- Asturianestenar
- Galicianestear
In English words that came into English from extenuō
- extenuateextenuātus
- extenuationextenuātiō