verbfirst conjugation
excubō
excubō (present infinitive excubāre, perfect active excubuī, supine excubitum)
Classical[ˈɛk.skʊ.boː]Ecclesiastical[ˈɛk.sku.bo]
Meaning
- to lie or sleep outdoors
- to keep watch
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | excubō | excubābam | excubābō | excubuī | excubueram | excubuerō |
| 2nd sg. | excubās | excubābās | excubābis | excubuistī | excubuerās | excubueris |
| 3rd sg. | excubat | excubābat | excubābit | excubuit | excubuerat | excubuerit |
| 1st pl. | excubāmus | excubābāmus | excubābimus | excubuimus | excubuerāmus | excubuerimus |
| 2nd pl. | excubātis | excubābātis | excubābitis | excubuistis | excubuerātis | excubueritis |
| 3rd pl. | excubant | excubābant | excubābunt | excubuērunt excubuēre | excubuerant | excubuerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | excubem | excubārem | excubuerim | excubuissem |
| 2nd sg. | excubēs | excubārēs | excubuerīs | excubuissēs |
| 3rd sg. | excubet | excubāret | excubuerit | excubuisset |
| 1st pl. | excubēmus | excubārēmus | excubuerīmus | excubuissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | excubētis | excubārētis | excubuerītis | excubuissētis |
| 3rd pl. | excubent | excubārent | excubuerint | excubuissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | excubor | excubābar | excubābor |
| 2nd sg. | excubāris excubāre | excubābāris excubābāre | excubāberis excubābere |
| 3rd sg. | excubātur | excubābātur | excubābitur |
| 1st pl. | excubāmur | excubābāmur | excubābimur |
| 2nd pl. | excubāminī | excubābāminī | excubābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | excubantur | excubābantur | excubābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | excuber | excubārer |
| 2nd sg. | excubēris excubēre | excubārēris excubārēre |
| 3rd sg. | excubētur | excubārētur |
| 1st pl. | excubēmur | excubārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | excubēminī | excubārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | excubentur | excubārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | excubā | excubāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | excubāte | excubāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | excubātō | excubātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | excubātō | excubātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | excubātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | excubantō | excubantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | excubāre | excubārī |
| perfect infinitive | excubuisse | excubitum esse |
| future infinitive | excubitūrum esse | excubitum īrī |
| present participle | excubāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | excubitus excubita, excubitā, excubitae, excubitam, excubitārum, excubitās, excubite, excubitī, excubitīs, excubitō, excubitōrum, excubitōs |
| future participle | excubitūrus excubitūra, excubitūrā, excubitūrae, excubitūram, excubitūrārum, excubitūrās, excubitūre, excubitūrī, excubitūrīs, excubitūrō, excubitūrōrum, excubitūrōs, excubitūrum | excubandus excubanda, excubandā, excubandae, excubandam, excubandārum, excubandās, excubande, excubandīs, excubandōrum, excubandōs |
gerundexcubandī, excubandō, excubandumsupineexcubitum, excubitū
ex-cŭbo, bŭi, bĭtum, 1, v. n.,
I. to lie or sleep out of doors.
I. In gen. (rare but class.):
moniti Lacedaemonii, ut urbem et tecta linquerent armatique in agro excubarent, Cic. Div. 1, 50, 112: apes noctu deprehensae in expeditione excubant supinae, Plin. 11, 8, 8, § 19.—B. Trop.:
Graeciam alienis sedibus, Just. 8, 4, 7, v. Fittbogen ad h. l.—Far more freq., II. In partic., to lie out on guard, to keep watch, to watch.
A. Lit.:
duae semper legiones pro castris excubabant, Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 5: legiones in armis, id. ib. 7, 11, 6: legiones ad mare, id. B. C. 3, 63, 6: cohortes ad munitionem, id. ib. 3, 50, 1: legio per muros, Verg. A. 9, 175: excubitum in porta cohortes mittere, Sall. J. 100, 4: Cerberus excubat ante fores, Tib. 1, 3, 72: quae (naves) ad portum excubabant, kept watch, Caes. B. C. 2, 22, 3 et saep.—Poet.: (Cupido Chiae) Pulchris excubat in genis, sits on the watch, lurks, Hor. C. 4, 13, 8.—Of things as subjects: alni contra erumpentium amnium impetus riparum muro in tutela ruris excubant, Plin. 16, 37, 67, § 173: laurus ante limina excubat, id. 15, 30, 39, § 127.—B. Trop., to watch, be watchful or vigilant, to be on the alert:
cum Caesar ad opus consuetudine excubaret, etc., Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 2: in navibus, id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.: excubabo vigilaboque pro vobis, Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18: sapiens semper animo sic excubat, ut nihil ei improvisum accidere possit, id. Tusc. 4, 17, 37: curam rei publicae summae defendundae jam pridem apud vos excubare, is watchful, active, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 5: omnis eorum ars urbibus excubabat, i. e. was concerned, labored for the cities, Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 118.—Pass. impers.: rerum, non animi pretiis excubatur, care is exercised, Plin. 35, 7, 32, § 50.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
ex-cubō buī, bitum, āre,
to lie out of doors, camp out: in agro. — To lie out on guard, keep watch, watch: pro castris, Cs.: ad mare, Cs.: per muros, V.: excubitum in portas cohortīs mittere, S.: (Cupido Chiae) Pulchris excubat in genis, lurks, H.—Fig., to watch, be watchful, be vigilant, be on the alert: ad opus, Cs.: in navibus, Cs.: animo: pro aliquo.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁éǵʰ
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁éǵʰs
- Proto-Italic*eks
- Latinexcubō
Latin ex- Proto-Italic *kubāō Latin cubō Latin excubō From ex- + cubō.