verbthird conjugation
excolō
excolō (present infinitive excolere, perfect active excoluī, supine excultum)
Classical[ˈɛk.skɔ.ɫoː]Ecclesiastical[ˈɛk.sko.lo]
Meaning
- to tend or cultivate (figurative)
- to improve or perfect
- to honour
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | excolō | excolēbam | excolam | excoluī | excolueram | excoluerō |
| 2nd sg. | excolis | excolēbās | excolēs | excoluistī | excoluerās | excolueris |
| 3rd sg. | excolit | excolēbat | excolet | excoluit | excoluerat | excoluerit |
| 1st pl. | excolimus | excolēbāmus | excolēmus | excoluimus | excoluerāmus | excoluerimus |
| 2nd pl. | excolitis | excolēbātis | excolētis | excoluistis | excoluerātis | excolueritis |
| 3rd pl. | excolunt | excolēbant | excolent | excoluērunt excoluēre | excoluerant | excoluerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | excolam | excolerem | excoluerim | excoluissem |
| 2nd sg. | excolās | excolerēs | excoluerīs | excoluissēs |
| 3rd sg. | excolat | excoleret | excoluerit | excoluisset |
| 1st pl. | excolāmus | excolerēmus | excoluerīmus | excoluissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | excolātis | excolerētis | excoluerītis | excoluissētis |
| 3rd pl. | excolant | excolerent | excoluerint | excoluissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | excolor | excolēbar | excolar |
| 2nd sg. | excoleris excolere | excolēbāris excolēbāre | excolēris excolēre |
| 3rd sg. | excolitur | excolēbātur | excolētur |
| 1st pl. | excolimur | excolēbāmur | excolēmur |
| 2nd pl. | excoliminī | excolēbāminī | excolēminī |
| 3rd pl. | excoluntur | excolēbantur | excolentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | excolar | excolerer |
| 2nd sg. | excolāris excolāre | excolerēris excolerēre |
| 3rd sg. | excolātur | excolerētur |
| 1st pl. | excolāmur | excolerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | excolāminī | excolerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | excolantur | excolerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | excole | excolere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | excolite | excoliminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | excolitō | excolitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | excolitō | excolitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | excolitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | excoluntō | excoluntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | excolere | excolī |
| perfect infinitive | excoluisse | excultum esse |
| future infinitive | excultūrum esse | excultum īrī |
| present participle | excolēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | excultus exculta, excultā, excultae, excultam, excultārum, excultās, exculte, excultī, excultīs, excultō, excultōrum, excultōs |
| future participle | excultūrus excultūra, excultūrā, excultūrae, excultūram, excultūrārum, excultūrās, excultūre, excultūrī, excultūrīs, excultūrō, excultūrōrum, excultūrōs, excultūrum | excolendus excolundus, excolenda, excolendā, excolendae, excolendam, excolendārum, excolendās, excolende, excolendīs, excolendōrum, excolendōs |
gerundexcolendī, excolendō, excolendumsupineexcultum, excultū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- animum, ingenium excolere (not colere)
- to cultivate the mind.
- omni vita atque victu excultum atque expolitum esse (Brut. 25. 95)
- to have attained to a high degree of culture.
ex-cŏlo, cŏlŭi, cultum, 3, v. a.,
I. to work carefully, to tend, cultivate.
I. Lit. (very rare, and mostly post-Aug.):
vineas, Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 48; cf. rura, Claud. ap. Eutr. 2, 196: victum hominum (boves), Plin. 8, 47, 72, § 187: lanas rudes, i. e. to spin fine, Ov. A. A. 2, 220.—B. Transf., in gen., to improve, polish, adorn, perfect:
marmora, quibus solum, quibus parietes excolantur, Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 3; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 118; cf.: praetoria xystis et nemoribus, Suet. Aug. 72: urbem adeo, ut jure sit gloriatus marmoream se relinquere, id. ib. 28: aedificium, Dig. 7, 1, 44: fructuarius excolere quod invenit potest, qualitate aedium non immutata, ib. 7, 1, 13, § 7: vagos resecare capillos Doctus et hirsutas excoluisse genas, Mart. 6, 52, 4: triumphum, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 135: tumulum in tropaei modum, Flor. 4, 12: legionarii injecere flammae arma sua, quibus exculti funus celebrabant, Suet. Caes. 84.—II. Trop.
A. To improve, ennoble, refine, perfect (the class. signif. of the word):
nihil tam horridum, tam incultum, quod non splendescat oratione et tamquam excolatur, Cic. Parad. prooem. § 3: C. Tuditanus omni vita atque victu excultus atque expolitus, id. Brut. 25, 95; cf.: mansuefactus et excultus, id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62: ex agresti immanique vita exculti ad humanitatem et mitigati sumus, id. Leg. 2, 14, 36: excultus doctrinā, id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 38, 84; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 15: animos doctrina, Cic. Arch. 6, 12: ingenia disciplinā exculta, id. Or. 15, 48: aetas exculta, id. Rep. 2, 10: quibus rebus exculta hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum, id. Off. 2, 4, 15: inventas aut qui vitam excoluere per artes, Verg. A. 6, 663: an victus hominum Atheniensium beneficio excoli potuit, oratio non potuit? Cic. Or. 9, 31; so, mores aut studia, Quint. 4 praef. § 3: mores studiis, id. 12, 2, 1; 12, 3, 1; Gell. 13, 5, 2: orationem, Quint. 8, 3, 86; Tac. Or. 22: excultae cujusdam elegantiae, Quint. 6, 3, 20.—B. Of persons, to honor (poet., and very rare, for the class. colere):
deos, Phaedr. 4, 11, 10: aliquem, Ov. Pont. 1, 7, 59.ex-cōlo, āre, v. a.,
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
ex-colō coluī, cultus, ere,
to cultivate, improve, ennoble, refine, perfect: omni vitā atque victu excultus: excultus doctrinā: lanes rudes, O.: regio ad luxum exculta, Cu.: vitam per artes, V.: orationem, Ta. — To worship, honor: deos, Ph.: te ipsum, O.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁éǵʰs
- Proto-Italic*eks
- Latinexcolō
Latin ex- Latin colō Latin excolō From ex- + colō.