preposition
ex1
ex (+ ablative)
Classical[ˈɛks]Ecclesiastical[ˈɛks]
№ 26 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- with ablativeout of, from
Sed hoc loco primum videtur insitiva quadam disciplina doctior facta esse civitas. Influxit enim non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem, sed abundantissimus amnis illarum disciplinarum et artium.
54 BCE – 51 BCE, Cicero, De re publica 2.34 - with ablativedown from
Equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt [Germani] ac pedibus proeliantur, equos eodem remanere vestigio adsue fecerunt, ad quos se celeriter, cum usus est, recipiunt:[…]
c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 4.2 - with ablativeup from
[…]tum globum terrae eminentem e mari, fixum in medio mundi universi loco, duabus oris distantibus habitabilem et cultum.
c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes 1.28.68 - with ablativeindicates the place from which something comes from; (of humans) indicates one's birthplace, motherland, country: from, of
nonne ubi mi dixti cupere te ex Aethiopia ancillulam, relictis rebus omnibus
161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Eunuchus 1.165–167 - with ablativefrom, of
Nostri in primo congressu circiter LXX ceciderunt, in his Q. Fulginius ex primo hastato legionis XIIII, qui propter eximiam virtutem ex inferioribus ordinibus in eum locum pervenerat;[…]
c. 48 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello civili 1.46Memoriam eius irae Tusculanis in poenae tam atrocis auctores mansisse ad patrum aetatem constat nec quemquam ferme ex Pollia tribu candidatum Papiriam ferre solitum.
27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita VIII.37 - with ablativeindicates a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part: out of, out from, of, among
Ex omnibus rēbus, ācerrimī bellō Rōmānī sunt.
Out of all peoples, Romans are the fiercest warriors.est tibi ex eis ipsis qui adsunt bella copia, velut a te ipso ordiare
54 BCE – 51 BCE, Cicero, De re publica 2.67 - with ablativeindicates the place from which anything is done or takes place: off, from, on
[…], et T. Labienus castris hostium potitus et ex loco superiore quae res in nostris castris gererentur conspicatus X. legionem subsidio nostris misit.
c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 2.24 - with ablativein various set phrases
ex itinere
on/during the journeyex adversō
on the opposite side, in front, against - with ablativefrom
Ita proelium restitutum est, atque omnes hostes terga verterunt nec prius fugere destiterunt quam ad flumen Rhenum milia passuum ex eo loco circiter L pervenerunt.
c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico I.53 - with ablativeaway from, out of the hands of
O praeclaram sapientiam! Solem enim e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt, qua nihil a dis immortalibus melius habemus, nihil iucundius.
44 BCE, Cicero, Laelius de amicitia 47[…]senatus C. Claudium consulem comitia primo quoque tempore habere iussit creatisque in annum magistratibus in provinciam redire et coloniam ex hostibus eripere.
27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 41.14 - with ablativeindicates someone from which information is taken: from
rem quaerere ex aliquō
to inquire of something from someone (often forcefully)aliquid ex aliquō audīre
to hear something from someone - figurativelywith ablativefrom a given cause, out of, through
[…], maioremque laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia inproborum dolorem.
54 BCE – 51 BCE, Cicero, De re publica 1.4 - with ablativedirectly, immediately after
Near-synonyms: ab, dē
aliud ex aliō
one thing after another - with ablativesince, from, from... onward
bonus volo iam ex hoc die esse— quod neque fiet neque fuit.
c. 197 BCE, Plautus, Persa 4.3.10 - with ablativeindicates the material from which something is made: (made) of
[…]praeter equile marmoreum et praesaepe eburneum praeterque purpurea tegumenta ac monilia e gemmis domum etiam et familiam et supellectilem dedit, quo lautius nomine eius inuitati acciperentur;[…]
121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum Vita Gai 55 - with ablativeindicates the material with which something is mixed: mixed with
Harum videre inluviem sordes inopiam, quam inhonestae solae sint domi atque avidae cibi, quo pacto ex iure hesterno panem atrum vorent,
161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Eunuchus 5.937–940 - with ablativeindicates the colors which something is mixed with or composed of: with
Peripateticae sectae conditor Aristoteles in his libris quos de animalibus conscripsit examinum genera conplura demonstrat,[…][apes alia esse] ex aureolo varias atque leves.
4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De re rustica IX.III - with ablativebecause of, by, on account of, owing to (often used to indicate where something got its name from)
aliquid alicuius alterius ex iniūriā fēcisse
to have done something because of [the fault of] someone elseScīpiōnī imperātōrī cognōmen Āfricānō ex virtūte in Carthāginēnsēs fuit.
Scipio got his surname of Africanus owing to his courage against the people of Carthage. - with ablativeby, through, with the help of
See also: unde
ex īnsidiīs
by, through trickery; craftily - with ablativeindicates a change from one state or condition to another: from, out of
Abiit, abstulit mulierem. Ibo, persequar iam illum intro, ut haec ex me sciat
c. 203 BCE, Plautus, Cistellaria 3.1.19–21Nam, ut alia magna et egregia tua omittam, novissime rediens Numantia meque regnumque meum gloria honoravisti tuaque virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti.
c. 40 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Jugurthinum 10 - obsoletewith ablativeindicates that one has completed his term of office (compare prō)
ex cōnsule vir (vir cōnsulāris)
an ex-consul - with ablativein a way consistent with: according to, after, in keeping with, in conformity with, as becoming (something)
ex cōnsuētūdine
according to custom, as is customary; by habitex sententiā (suā)
according to one; according to one's plan, as one wanted, smoothly - idiomaticwith ablativeforms predicative adjective phrases indicating “pertinent with”, “stemming from”, “to the advantage of”
alicui aliquid ex ūsū esse
for something to be useful/of use to someoneē rē publicā vidērī dēcertāre
to be considered for the greater good of the Roman state to fight
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
subitō, nec exspectātusex imprōvīsō — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 2
ex eō tempore quōex quō — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 1
ā veste purpureā ducisby the color of their dress
ex colōre vestītūs — in De Bello Gallico III, ch. 21
aequāliter, parī modōex aequō — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 11
ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep.
I. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:
qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt, Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ἐκ, ἐξ], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from. I. In space.
A. Prop.:
interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54: quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 14: influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem, id. ib. 2, 19: visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5; 3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere, Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.: nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus, Tib. 1, 1, 38: clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—2. In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:
ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse, Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21: picis e caelo demissum flumen, Lucr. 6, 257: equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt, Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.: cecidisse ex equo dicitur, Cic. Clu. 62 fin.: e curru trahitur, id. Rep. 2, 41: e curru desilit, Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—3. In an upward direction, from, above:
collis paululum ex planitie editus, Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3: globum terrae eminentem e mari, Cic. Tusc. 1, 28; and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae, Liv. 6, 2.—B. Transf.
1. To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:
ex Aethiopia est usque haec, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18: quod erat ex eodem municipio, Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb: Philocrates ex Alide, Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10: ex Aethiopia ancillula, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.: negotiator ex Africa, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5: Epicurei e Graecia, id. N. D. 1, 21, 58: Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam, Caes. B. G. 5, 27: ex India elephanti, Liv. 35, 32: civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.: meretrix e proxumo, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11: puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari), Hor. C. 1, 29, 7: ex spelunca saxum, Cic. Fat. 3, 6: saxum ex capitolio, Liv. 35, 21, 6: ex equo cadere, Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—2. To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:
a summo caelo despicere, Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and: de vertice montis despicere, id. M. 11, 503); cf.: T. Labienus ... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4: ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum, Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3: ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti, id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.: judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat, Suet. Tib. 33: ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3: ex vinculis causam dicere, id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf. also: ex fuga, during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.II. In time.
A. From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):
Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam, Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so, ex consulatu, Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.: ex praetura, Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2: ex dictatura, Liv. 10, 5 fin.: ex eo magistratu, Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.: Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est, Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.: statim e somno lavantur, id. G. 22: tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39: ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere, Quint. 6, 2, 35: mulier ex partu si, etc., Cels. 2, 8: ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem, Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and: ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus, Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.: ex quo obses Romae fuit, since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin.—So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another: me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit, Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.): aliam rem ex alia cogitare, Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3: alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando, Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.: diem ex die ducere, Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—2. With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;
for the passage, Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.—an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited): vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus, Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.: Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus, Capitol. Gord. 22: duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt, id. ib.: mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc., Amm. 14, 7, 9: Serenianus ex duce, id. 14, 7, 7: INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis, Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.— And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc., i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—B. From and after a given time, from ... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):
bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10: itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit, Cic. Quint. 5 fin.: nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc., id. Phil. 1, 1: ex aeterno tempore, id. Fin. 1, 6, 17: ex hoc die, id. Rep. 1, 16: motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas, from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1: C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat, Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100: ex ea die ad hanc diem, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.: memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae, id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53: sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo, id. H. 1, 29: sextus mensis est, ex quo, Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so, ex eo, Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22: ex illo, Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—C. Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:
Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint, Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3: hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus ... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt, Cic. Verr. 1, 10: ex Idibus Mart. ... ex Idibus Mai., id. Att. 5, 21, 9.III. In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.
A. With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:
solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt, Cic. Lael. 13, 47: ex omni populo deligendi potestas, id. Agr. 2, 9, 23: agro ex hoste capto, Liv. 41, 14, 3: cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere, Cic. Rep. 1, 4: ex populo Romano bona accipere, Sall. J. 102: majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem, Cic. Rep. 1, 4: quaesierat ex me Scipio, id. ib. 1, 13: ex te requirunt, id. ib. 2, 38: de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias, id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.: intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc., id. Att. 6, 9, 3: ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem, id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.: ex aliqua re aliquid nominare, id. N. D. 2, 20, 51: vocare, Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—B. In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:
qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis, Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.: e vectoribus sorte ductus, id. Rep. 1, 34: ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc., id. Rab. Post. 17: homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc., id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46; v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi, Cic. Rep. 2, 4: unus ex illis decemviris, id. ib. 2, 37: ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum, id. Lael. 4, 15: aliquis ex vobis, id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse; reliquum, argentum, this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65: quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum), id. Rep. 2, 36: virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae, Flor. 1, 13, 12: alia ex hoc quaestu, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.: fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros, Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3: qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum, Cic. Phil. 2, 3: est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia, id. Rep. 2, 40: Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt, Tac. G. 29: acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi, Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357: ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices, id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—2. Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):
has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat, Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4: album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum, Cels. 4, 20: ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae, Col. 7, 3, 21 sq.—C. To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:
fenestrae e viminibus factae, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.: statua ex aere facta, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and: ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam, id. Div. 1, 24: substramen e palea, Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4: pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27: monilia e gemmis, Suet. Calig. 56: farina ex faba, Cels. 5, 28: potiones ex absinthio, id. ib. et saep.: Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore, Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100: (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo, id. N. D. 1, 35, 98: natura concreta ex pluribus naturis, id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—D. To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):
resinam ex melle Aegyptiam, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28: quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent, Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17: bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum, Cels. 3, 23: aqua ex lauro decocta, id. 4, 2; cf.: farina tritici ex aceto cocta, Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120: pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale, Cels. 4, 4: nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est), id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors: bacae e viridi rubentes, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127: frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis, id. ib. § 132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur, id. 12, 14, 30, § 52: e viridi pallens, id. 37, 8, 33, § 110: apes ex aureolo variae, Col. 9, 3, 2: sucus ex austero dulcis, Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50: ex dulci acre, id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf. trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus, Cic. Clu. 26.—E. To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:
cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas, Cic. Rep. 2, 33: ex doctrina nobilis et clarus, id. Rab. Post. 9, 23: ex vulnere aeger, id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.: ex renibus laborare, id. Tusc. 2, 25: ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos, Liv. 25, 26: ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes, Quint. 8, 33, 66: gravida e Pamphilo est, Ter. And. 1, 3, 11: credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo? id. ib. 3, 2, 17: ex se nati, Cic. Rep. 1, 35: ex quodam conceptus, id. ib. 2, 21: ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, id. ib. 1, 44: ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur, id. ib. et saep.: ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo, Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.: quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo, id. Fam. 16, 21, 3: in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci, Sall. J. 48, 2: veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus, id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.: ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare, Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1: gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit, Liv. 2, 50: ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat, i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36: qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent, Cic. Rep. 2, 7: hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit, id. ib. 6, 10: quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc., id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43: causa ... fuit ex eo, quod, etc., id. Phil. 6, 1: ex eo fieri, ut, etc., id. Lael. 13, 46: ex quo fit, ut, etc., id. Rep. 1, 43: e quo efficitur, non ut, etc., id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb: non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades, Flor. 4, 10, 8: ex nausea vomitus, Cels. 4, 5: ex hac clade atrox ira, Liv. 2, 51, 6: metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris, Tac. A. 11, 20: ex legato timor, id. Agr. 16 et saep.—2. In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:
cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit, Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11: cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum, id. 1, 7, 1: nomen ex vitio positum, Ov. F. 2, 601: quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123: holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis, id. 27, 10, 65, § 91: quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari, Cic. Rep. 2, 7: e nomine (nominibus), id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—F. To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:
si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi, Plaut. Cist. 3, 21: fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis, Lucr. 1, 186: dii ex hominibus facti, Cic. Rep. 2, 10: ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio, id. ib. 1, 45: nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser, id. Part. 17; cf.: ex exsule consul, id. Manil. 4, 46: ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex, Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10: ex alto sapore excitati, Curt. 7, 11, 18.—G. Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:
ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78: aliquid facere bene et e re publica, for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25: e (not ex) re publica, id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.: exque re publica, Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36: non ex usu nostro est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.: ex utilitate, Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43: ex nullius injuria, Liv. 45, 44, 11.— H. To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:
(majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt, Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references): ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc., id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.: ex senatus sententia, id. Fam. 12, 4: ex collegii sententia, Liv. 4, 53: ex amicorum sententia, id. 40, 29: ex consilii sententia, id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf. also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate, according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.; and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36: ex senatus consulto, Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.: ex edicto, ex decreto, Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30: ex lege, id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41: ex foedere, Liv. 1, 23 et saep.: hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere? Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so, ex more, Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.: ex consuetudine, Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.: quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere, Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34: ex sua libidine moderantur, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1: ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim, Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3: eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.: leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari, Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21: nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat, id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.: ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas, Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3: nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama, id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.: scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae, Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione; attingit etiam bellicam, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—I. To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti;
ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.!*? Ex placed after its noun: variis ex, Lucr. 2, 791: terris ex, id. 6, 788: quibus e sumus uniter apti, id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que: que sacra quercu, Verg. E. 7, 13.IV. In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—
B. Signification.
1. Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of (a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—
2. Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. pp. 613-662.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
ex or (only before consonants) ē
praep. with abl, out of, from within (opp. in).
I. I. In space, out of, from: signa ex urbe tollere: solem e mundo tollere: ex hoc fonticulo tantumdem sumere, H.: ex Aethiopiā Ancillula, T.: ex urbe sicarii: eius ex Africā reditus: ex Hispaniā quidam, Cs.: puer ex aulā, H.—From, down from, from off: ex speluncā saxum in crura eius incidisse: equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt, from horseback, Cs.: cecidisse ex equo dicitur.—Up from, above, out of: collis paululum ex planitie editus, Cs.: globum terrae eminentem e mari.—In gen., from, down from, at, in, upon: ex cruce Italiam cernere: ex equo pugnare: ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc., Cs.: ex hoc loco verba fecisti: ex vinculis causam dicere, L.— Esp., in adverbial phrases: ex itinere, on the march, without halting, S.: ex fugā, during the flight, Cs.: portus ex adverso urbi positus, opposite, L.: erat e regione oppidi collis, over against, Cs.: ex omni parte perfectum, entirely: aliquā ex parte incommodis mederi, in some measure: impetūs ex maximā parte servorum: e vestigio, suddenly.—
II. II. In time, of succession, from, immediately after, directly after, after, following: Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam: tanta vilitas annonae ex inopiā consecuta est: ex magnis rupibus nactus planitem, Cs.: Aliam rem ex aliā cogitare, T.: alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando, L.: diem ex die exspectabam, day after day.—Of duration, from ... onward, from, since, beginning at: ex eā die ad hanc diem: ex eo die, quo, etc.: ex certo tempore, after a fixed date: ex aeterno tempore: Motum ex Metello consule (bellum), H.: octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., since, Ta.: Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Ian. magni tumultūs sint, after. —With the notion of escape or relief, from and after, from: se ex labore reficere, Cs.: ex illo metu mortis recreatus: animus ex miseriis requievit, S. — Esp., in phrases: ex tempore effutire, off hand, without reflection: ex meo tempore, for my convenience: in quibus (quaestionibus) ex tempore officium quaeritur, according to circumstances: ex intervallo consequi, after a while: ex tempore aliquo.—
III. III. Fig., of the point of departure, away from, from, out of, of: amicitiam e vitā tollunt: e fundo eiectus, dispossessed of: agro ex hoste capto, L.: ex populo R. bona accipere, S. —Partitive uses, of a whole or class, of, out of, from among, among: alia ex hoc quaestu, i. e. trade, T.: non orator unus e multis, i. e. no common: acerrimus ex omnibus sensibus: ex primo hastato (ordine) legionis, one of the first division, Cs.: multum ex ripā colere, Ta.: altitudo puppium ex navibus, Cs. — Of the means, out of, by means of, with: ex incommodis Alterius sua ut conparent commoda, T.: ex caede vivunt: largiri ex alieno, L.; cf. ex iure hesterno panem vorent, dipped in, T.—Of the origin or source, from, out of, born of, arising from: bellorum causae ex rei p. contentione natae: ex pertinaciā oritur seditio: ex animo amicus, heartily.—Esp. with verbs of sense, intelligence, etc.: quā re negent, ex me non audies: ut ex amicis acceperam: ex quo intellegere posset: ut ex iis quaeratur: video ex litteris.—Of the material, of, out of: statua ex aere facta: (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore: milites mixti ex conluvione gentium, L. — Of a condition or nature which is changed, from, out of: di ex hominibus facti: ex exsule consul: duas ex unā civitate discordia fecerat, L. — Of the cause, from, through, by, in consequence of, by reason of, on account of: gravida e Pamphilo, T.: infirmus ex morbo: e viā languere: ex gravitate loci volgari morbos, L.: ex illā ipsā re, for that very reason: e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.: ex hac clade atrox ira, L.: ex legato timor, Ta.—From, after, on account of: cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit, S.: nomen ex vitio positum, O.: urbem e suo nomine Romam iussit nominari. —Of measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with, in pursuance of, by: ex aliarum ingeniis me iudicet, T.: dies ex praeceptis tuis actus: ex consuetudine suā, Cs.: e virtute vivere: ex senatūs sententiā: ex sententiā, satisfactorily, T.: illum ex artificio comico aestimabat.—Esp., in the phrases, ex re, according to the fact, to the advantage, to profit: oratio ex re et ex causā habita: Non ex re istius, for his good, T.: garrit Ex re fabellas, apt, H.: quid tam e re p. fuit? for the public benefit: ex usu, advantageous: ex usu quod est, id persequar, T.: rem ex usu Galliae accidisse, Cs.: e re natā, according to circumstances, T.—Of manner, mostly in adverb. phrases: res ex libidine magis quam ex vero celebrare, arbitrarily ... justly, S.: dicam ex animo, outright: ex composito, by agreement, L.: ex facili, with ease, Ta.—
IV. IV. In compounds, ex stands before vowels and h, and before c, p (except epoto, epotus), q, s (except escendere, escensio), t; ef (sometimes ec) before f; ē before b, d, g, i consonant, l (except exlex), m, n, v. For exs-, ex- alone is often written (exanguis for exsanguis, etc.).
Origins
From Proto-Italic *eks (alternative form of *eɣ), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex) or ἐκ (ek), Old Irish ess-, a, ass, Lithuanian i̇̀š and Old Church Slavonic из (iz).