LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
conjunction

et1

et
Classical[ˈɛt]Ecclesiastical[ˈɛt]
№ 1 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary

Meaning

  1. and
  2. both
    Assiduus usus uni rei deditus et ingenium et artem saepe vincit.Constant practice devoted to one subject often prevails over both ability and skill.56 BCE, Cicero, Pro Balbo 54
  3. plus
    Duo et duo sunt quattuor.Two plus two equals four.
  4. literarythough, even if

Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms

Et · Que · Ac · Atque

Et (ἔτι) is the most general copulative particle; que and et—et connect opposites; que (καί), simply because they are opposites, as terra marique; but et—et, in order to point them out emphatically as opposites [and closely connected notions of the same kind], as et terra et mari; whereas ac and atque connect synonymes, atque before vowels and gutturals; ac before the other consonants; as, for example, vir fortis ac strenuus. (vi. 114.)

ĕt,
I. conj. [Sanscr. ati, beyond; Gr. ἔτι, besides, yet; Lat. et-iam, at-avus], serves to connect, in the most general manner, single words or entire sentences, and.
I. In gen.: qui illius impudentiam norat et duritudinem, Cato ap. Gell. 17, 2, 20: te sale nata precor, Venus et genetrix patris nostri, Enn. ap. Non. 378, 16 (Ann. v. 53 ed. Vahlen): blande et docte percontat, Naev. ap. Non. 474, 7: ut, quoad possem et liceret, a senis latere numquam discederem, Cic. Lael. 1, 1: de quo praeclare et multa praecipiuntur, id. Or. 21, 70: qui filium consularem clarum virum et magnis rebus gestis amisit, id. Fam. 4, 6; cf.: major (frater) et qui prius imperitarat, Liv. 21, 31: haec pueris et mulierculis et servis et servorum simillimis liberis esse grata, Cic. Off. 2, 16, 57 et saep.: salicta locis aquosis, humectis, umbrosis, propter amnes ibi seri oportet. Et id videto, uti, etc., Cato, R. R. 9: optime vero, frater: et fleri sic decet, Cic. Leg. 2, 3 fin.: qua de re est igitur inter summos viros major dissensio? Et omitto illa, quae relicta jam videntur, id. Ac. 2, 42 et saep.
II. In partic.
A. To subjoin a word or phrase which more accurately defines or more briefly comprehends what goes before, and indeed, and moreover, and that too: te enim jam appello, et ea voce, ut me exaudire possis, Cic. Mil. 25, 67: at laudat, et saepe, virtutem, id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48; cf.: id, et facile, effici posse, Nep. Milt. 3, 4: errabas, Verres, et vehementer errabas, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 46, § 121; so with a repetition of the same word: hostis et hostis, id. ib. 2, 2, 21, § 51: tenetur, judices, et manifeste tenetur, id. ib. 2, 3, 65, § 152; id. Cat. 3, 10; id. Deiot. 3; id. Mil. 23, 61 al.; Liv. 26, 13; Sen. de Clem. 15 et saep.: haec nostra ut exigua et minima contemnimus, Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 127; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 32: nulla enim nobis societas cum tyrannis, et potius summa distractio est, id. Off. 3, 6, 32; cf.: cur eo non estis contenti? et cur id potius contenditis, quod? etc., id. Ac. 2, 17, 74: si te ipse et tuas cogitationes et studia perspexeris, id. Fin. 2, 21, 69: omitto illa, quae relicta jam videntur, et Herillum, qui in cognitione et scientia summum bonum ponit, id. Ac. 2, 42: Romani, quibus Poeni et Hannibal in cervicibus erat, Just. 29, 3, 7: studiose ab his siderum magnitudines, intervalla, cursus anquirebantur et cuncta caelestia, Cic. Tusc. 5, 4, 10: valde a Xenocrate et Aristotele et ab illa Platonis familia discreparet, id. Leg. 1, 21, 55 et saep.: et appetendi et refugiendi et omnino rerum gerendarum initia proficiscuntur aut a voluptate aut a dolore, Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 42. —
B. To connect things similar or dissimilar after the words aeque, par, idem, similis, alius, etc. (more commonly atque, v. atque, I. 2.), as, than, and: nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus, Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67, v. aeque: omnia fuisse in Themistocle paria et in Coriolano, Cic. Brut. 11, 43; cf.: nunc tu mihi es germanus pariter corpore et animo, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 34: Clodius eadem hora Interamnae fuerat et Romae, Cic. Mil. 17 fin.; cf. Sall. C. 58, 11: haec eodem tempore Caesari referebantur, et legati veniebant, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 37, 1: similem sibi videri vitam hominum et mercatum eum, qui, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 9; cf.: neu simili forma et quom, etc., Lucr. 2, 416 and 420: nec ratione alia, et cum, id. 1, 280: non enim alia causa est aequitatis in uno servo et in pluribus, than, Cic. Caecin. 20, 57; id. Off. 2, 18; id. de Or. 3, 18, 66; id. Cael. 28 fin.; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 3: aliter doctos (loqui) et indoctos? Cic. Fin. 5, 29 fin.—
C. To connect two immediately successive points of time (only in poets and historians, esp. since the Aug. per.; cf. atque, II. C.), often to be rendered in English by when, and then: advenit, et navibu' complevit litora, Poeta ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31 fin.: dixit, et extemplo ... sensit medios delapsus in hostes, Verg. A. 2, 376: dixit (dixerat), et, id. ib. 1, 402; 2, 705; 3, 258; Val. Fl. 1, 569; Stat. Th. 2, 120 al.; cf.: nec plura effatus et, Verg. A. 8, 443: sic fatus et, Stat. Th. 12, 773: nec longum tempus et ingens exiit arbos, Verg. G. 2, 80; cf. Stat. Th. 7, 300; Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8; Tac. H. 2, 95: vix prima inceperat aestas, Et pater Anchises dare fatis vela jubebat, Verg. A. 3, 9; so, vix ... et, id. ib. 5, 858; 6, 498; Stat. Th. 2, 293; cf.: vixdum ... et, Liv. 43, 4, 10; cf. also: simul haec effatur, et, etc., Luc. 6, 246.—
D. After an imperative, to subjoin the consequence of an action (poet. and in postAug. prose), and then: dic quibus in terris, et eris mihi magnus Apollo, Verg. E. 3, 104; Ov. Am. 2, 14, 44; Phaedr. 3, 5, 7; Luc. 4, 487; 2, 515; Sen. de Clem. 1, 16; Plin. Pan. 43, 3; 45, 6: sit mihi, quod nunc est, etiam minus; et mihi vivam Quod superest aevi, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 107.—
E. To subjoin the minor proposition (assumptio or propositio minor) in a syllogism, now, but (cf. atque, II.): eorum, qui videntur, alia vera sunt, alia falsa: et quod falsum, id percipi non potest: nullum igitur est, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 13, 40; id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9; 5, 17; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33 al.—
F. With an accessory affirmative notion, and in fact, and indeed, and truly, and so: multa me sollicitant ... et sexcenta sunt, Cic. Att! 2, 19: et sunt illa sapientis, id. Tusc. 3, 8 fin.; id. Leg. 2, 3, 7: et erat, ut retuli, clementior, Tac. A. 2, 57: jam pridem a me illos abducere Thestylis orat; Et faciet, quoniam sordent tibi munera nostra, Verg. E. 2, 44 et saep.: estne ille noster Parmeno? et certe ipsus est, Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 4; with certe, id. Ad. 1, 1, 53; with hercle, Cic. Brut. 72; id. Fin. 2, 8; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2.—
G. To subjoin an emphatic question or exclamation: et sunt qui de via Appia querantur, taceant de curia? Cic. Mil. 33, 91; id. Sest. 39, 80; id. Clu. 40, 111; id. Phil. 1, 8 et saep.; Verg. G. 2, 433; id. A. 1, 48; Ov. M. 13, 338 al.: et his tot criminibus testimoniisque convictus in eorum tabella spem sibi aliquam proponit, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16 fin.; id. Mil. 12 fin.; Plin. Pan. 28, 6; Flor. 4, 2, 89.—Esp. with quisquam: et quisquam dubitabit quin, etc., Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 42 Matthiae; Ov. Am. 3, 8, 1 al.—
H. To connect an idea as either homogeneous or complementary to that which precedes, and so too, and also, and moreover, and at the same time; too, also, likewise (hence, often in Liv., Curt., and late Lat., rarely in Cic., = etiam; cf. Anton. Stud. pp. 26-69; Krebs, Antibarb. p. 420): Terentia te maxime diligit salutemque tibi plurimam ascribit, et Tulliola, deliciae nostrae, Cic. Att. 1, 5 fin.: Ge. Salvus sis. Di. Et tu salve, Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 44; id. Trin. 1, 2, 11; id. Mil. 4, 8, 42; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 122; for which: salve et tu, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 42; v. the foll.: haec ipsa mihi sunt voluptati: et erant illa Torquatis, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25: ubi tunc eras? Romae. Verum quid ad rem? et alii multi, id. Rosc. Am. 33, 92; cf. ib. § 94: et illud videndum quanto magis homines mala fugiant, id. Part. 26: et mihi sunt vires, et mihi facta tuba'st! Tib. 2, 6, 10; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 83: nihil verius. Probe et ille, Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73; so, et ille, id. ib. 3, 13 fin.: et ipse, id. Caecin. 20 fin.; so id. de Or. 1, 46, 202; Liv. 1, 12; 6, 3; 41, 24 et saep.; cf.: simul et ille, Cic. Clu. 4, 10; 17, 48; 57, 155; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1: simul et iste, id. ib. 2, 1, 41; Sall. J. 20, 1 et saep.: et nunc ego amore pereo, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 14; so, et nunc, id. Curc. 4, 2, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40; id. Fam. 13, 54, 2; Caes. B. G. 6, 13 fin.; for which: nunc et, Hor. C. 1, 4, 11; cf.: nonnumquam et, Caes. B. G. 1, 15, 3: sunt et, Cic. Top. 6; Verg. A. 9, 136: meruit et, Suet. Caes. 3 et saep.: quoniam formam cepi hujus in me et statum, Decet et facta moresque hujus habere me similes item, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 111: nam et qui parat pecus, necesse est constituat numerum, etc., Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 24: so, nam et, Cic. Leg. 1, 11; 2, 25, 63; id. de Or. 1, 25; id. Off. 1, 40, 142; Liv. 6, 19 al.; cf.: at et, Cic. Tusc. 3, 3: sed et, id. Att. 5, 10 fin.; Quint. 10, 1, 107; and with a preceding non modo or non solum (post-Aug.), Tac. G. 15, 35; id. A. 14, 39; Suet. Aug. 89 et saep.; cf.: et ... non = ne ... quidem, ego vero et in ipsa suffocatione non desii, etc., Sen. Ep. 54, 3: ergo et, Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 27; id. Leg. 1, 12, 33; id. Div. 1, 50, 114: itaque et, id. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 et saep.—
I. When repeated, et ... et, it serves, like the Gr. καὶ ... καί or τε καί, to connect two ideas partitively, both ... and, as well ... as, not only ... but also: hoc etiam ad malum accersebatur malum, Et discipulus et magister perhibebantur improbi, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 23; 4, 8, 45: et audax et malus, id. ib. 4, 9, 25: eloquere utrumque nobis, et quid tibi est, et quid velis nostram operam, id. Cist. 1, 1, 59: ut et severitas adhibeatur et contumelia repellatur, Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137: dimitto (puerum), et ut a magistris ne abducam et quod mater discedit, id. Q. Fr. 3, 9 fin.: non et legatum argentum est et non est legata numerata pecunia, id. Top. 13 et saep. More than twice: quo facilius et hujus hominis innocentissimi miserias et illorum audaciam cognoscere possitis et rei publicae calamitatem, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5 fin.; so three times, id. Att. 12, 4, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 9 fin. et saep.; six times, Cic. Fam. 13, 25; ten times, id. de Or. 1, 20, 90.—With a subordinate que or atque: nam et semper me coluit diligentissimeque observavit et a studiis nostris non abhorret, Cic. Fam. 13, 22; with atque, id. de Or. 1, 21, 95.—Et ... que are sometimes used for et ... et (rarely in Cic.; freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): quis est quin intellegat et eos inmemores fuisse, nosque honestate duci? Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; id. Brut. 88, 302: id et singulis universisque semper honori fuisse, Liv. 4, 2; 5, 46 fin.; 24, 2 fin.; 32, 32 fin.; Tac. Agr. 2 fin.; Suet. Ner. 33 al.—Sometimes the second et subjoins a more weighty assertion; in which case et ... et = cum ... tum, not only ... but also: homo et in aliis causis exercitatus et in hac multum et saepe versatus, Cic. Quint. 1, 3; id. Fat. 1, 2; id. de Or. 1, 9, 38; id. Off. 2, 11, 38.—
2. Et ... neque or neque ... et, when one clause is a negative (but et ... et non, et non ... et, when only one word is negatived): ego vero et exspectabo ea quae polliceris neque exigam, nisi tuo commodo, Cic. Brut. 4 fin.: ego si et Silius is fuerit, quem tu putas nec Drusus facilem se praebuerit, Damasippum velim aggrediare, id. Att. 12, 33: cui quidem ita sunt Stoici assensi, ut et, quicquid honestum esset, id utile esse censerent, nec utile quicquam, quod non honestum, id. Off. 3, 3, 11: pueris nobis Cn. Aufidius praetorius et in senatu sententiam dicebat nec amicis deliberantibus deerat et Graecam scribebat historiam et videbat in litteris, id. Tusc. 5, 38 fin.: quia et consul aberat ... nec, etc., Liv. 22, 8 et saep.: nec miror et gaudeo, Cic. Fam. 10, 1 fin.: nam nec in eo jus cognationis servavit, cui ademit regnum, et eum, cui dedit, etc., Just. 8, 6 fin.: id et nobis erit perjucundum et tibi non sane devium, Cic. Att. 2, 4 fin.: locus is melior, quem et non coquit sol et tangit ros, Varr. R. R. 3, 14.— Rarely neque ... et = non quidem ... sed: amicitias neque facile admisit et constantissime retinuit, Suet. Aug. 66.—
K. Less freq., tum ... et, et ... tum, in the same sense: omnis ejus oratio tum in virtute laudanda et in hominibus ad virtutis studium cohortandis consumebatur, Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 16: et in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime in celeritate et continuatione verborum adhaerescens, etc., id. Brut. 93, 320. See Hand Turs. II. pp. 467-540.

Origins

From Proto-Italic *et, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)éti. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔτι (éti), Sanskrit अति (ati), Gothic 𐌹𐌸 (iþ, “and, but, however, yet”), Old English prefix ed- (“re-”). More at ed-.

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adverb
et2
et (not comparable)
Classical[ˈɛt]Ecclesiastical[ˈɛt]
№ 1 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary

Meaning

  1. not comparablealso, too, besides, or likewise
    Nihil fuit in Catulīs, ut eōs exquisitō iūdiciō putārēs utī litterārum, quamquam erant litteratī; sed et aliī.Nothing in the Catuli would have made one suppose them having a somewhat refined literary taste; yes, they were cultured; but so were others.44 BCE, Cicero, De officiis 1.133

Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.

et adv.
and conj.
I. I. adv., adding to a fact or thought, also, too, besides, moreover, likewise, as well, even: Ph. vale. Pa. et tu bene vale, T.: ‘tu tuom negotium gessisti bene.’ Gere et tu tuom bene: et Caelius profectus ... pervenit, Cs.: et alia acies fundit Sabinos, L.: nam et testimonium saepe dicendum est: qui bellum gesserint, quom et regis inimici essent: id te et nunc rogo: Romulus et ipse arma tollens, L.: amisso et ipse Pacoro, Ta.: spatium non tenent tantum, sed et implent, Ta.—
II. II. As conj, and, as the simplest connective of words or clauses: cum constemus ex animo et corpore: dixerat et conripiunt spatium, V.: Xerxes et duo Artaxerxes, Macrochir et Mnemon, N.—After a negat., but: portūs capere non potuerunt, et infra delatae sunt, Cs.—After an emphatic word: hoc et erit simile, etc. (i. e. et hoc): Danaūm et ... Ut caderem meruisse manu (i. e. et meruisse ut Danaūm manu cederem), V.: vagus et sinistrā Labitur ripā, H. — Regularly, either et introduces the second and each following word or clause, or no connective is used: Alco et Melampus et Tmolus, Alco, Melampus and Tmolus: et ipse bonus vir fuit, et multi Epicurei et fuerunt et hodie sunt et in amicitiis fideles et in omni vitā constantes et graves: Signini fuere et Norbani Saticulanique et Fregellani et Lucerini et, etc. (sixteen times), L.: sequebantur C. Carbo, C. Cato, et minime tum quidem Gaius frater, etc. —But the rule is often violated: consulibus, praetoribus, tribunis pl. et nobis ... negotium dederat: fuere autem C. Duellius P. Decius Mus M. Papirius Q. Publilius et T. Aemilius, L.: abi, quaere et refer, H.: It, redit et narrat, H.—After multi, plurimi, tot (where no conj. is used in English): multae et magnae Cogitationes, many great thoughts: plurima et flagitiosissuma facinora, S.: tot et tantae et tam graves civitates.—Repeated, both ... and, as well ... as, on the one hand ... on the other, not only ... but also: et haec et alia: et in circo et in foro: Iovis Et soror et coniunx, V.: et publice et privatim: et est et semper fuit: et oratio et voluntas et auctoritas, as well ... as ... and.—The second or last et often introduces a climax, both ... and in particular: homo et in aliis causis versatus et in hac multum versatus.— Corresponding with neque, both ... and not, both not ... and: via et certa neque longa: nec sapienter et me invito facit, both unwisely and against my protest: quia et consul aberat nec facile erat, etc., L.—Corresponding with -que, deinde, tum, instead of another et: et Epaminondas cecinisse dicitur, Themistoclesque, etc.: uti seque et oppidum tradat, S.: tela hastaque et gladius, L.: et in ceteris ... tum maxime in celeritate: et publicani ... deinde ex ceteris ordinibus homines.—After a negative, uniting two words or phrases: non errantem et vagam, sed stabilem sententiam: Nec pietate fuit nec bello maior et armis, V.—Uniting two words which form one conception: habere ad Catilinam mandata et litteras: pateris libamus et auro, V.: cernes urbem et promissa Moenia, V.: omnium artium ratio et disciplina, systematic cultivation: quam (medicinam) adfert longinquitas et dies, time: crescit oratio et facultas (i. e. dicendi facultas): a similitudine et inertiā Gallorum separari, from resembling their lack of enterprise, Ta.—Et non, and not, instead of neque: patior, iudices, et non moleste fero: exempla quaerimus et ea non antiqua: uti opus intermitteretur et milites contineri non possent, Cs.: pro decore tantum et non pro salute, L.: tantummodo in urbe et non per totam Italiam, S.: me ista curasse et non inrisisse potius, etc.; cf. otioso vero et nihil agenti privato: temere et nullo consilio: heredes sui cuique liberi, et nullum testamentum, Ta. — Adding a general to a special term, or a whole to one or more parts, and the rest, and all: Chrysippus et Stoici, and the Stoics in general: ad victum et ad vitam: procul ab Syracusis Siciliāque, L.—Adding a special to a general term, or a part to a whole, and in particular, and especially: si te et tuas cogitationes et studia perspexeris: tris (navīs) In brevia et Syrtīs urguet, V.: regnum et diadema, H. — Adding an explanation or enlargement of the thought, and indeed, and in fact, and moreover, and that, and besides: errabas, Verres, et vehementer errabas: hostis et hostis nimis ferus: cum hostis in Italiā esset, et Hannibal hostis, L.: te enim iam appello, et eā voce, ut, etc.: id, et facile, effici posse, N.: et domi quidem causam amoris habuisti: pictores, et vero etiam poëtae.—Introducing a parenthesis: ad praetorem— et ipse ita iubebat—est deductus, L.—Adding a result after an imper, and then, and so: Dic quibus in terris, et eris mihi magnus Apollo, V.—Introducing a strongly contrasted thought, and yet, and in spite of this, and ... possibly, but still, but: et dubitas, quin sensus in morte nullus sit?: animo non deficiam et id perferam: in amicitiā nihil fictum (est), et quicquid est, id est verum.—After an expression of time, introducing a contemporaneous fact, and, and then, when, as: haec eodem tempore referebantur, et legati veniebant, Cs.: eādem horā Interamnae fuerat et Romae: simul consul de hostium adventu cognovit, et hostes aderant, S.—Introducing an immediate sequence in time, and then, when: Tantum effatus et in verbo vestigia torsit, V.: vixdum ad se pervenisse et audisse, etc., L.—Introducing the second term of a comparison, as, than, and: Nunc mihi germanu's pariter animo et corpore, T.: quod aeque promptum est mihi et adversario meo: haudquaquam par gloria sequitur scriptorem et actorem, S.: aliter docti et indocti.—Adversative, but, yet: gravis, severus, et saepius misericors, Ta.: magna corpora et tantum ad impetum valida, Ta.

Origins

From Proto-Italic *et, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)éti. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔτι (éti), Sanskrit अति (ati), Gothic 𐌹𐌸 (iþ, “and, but, however, yet”), Old English prefix ed- (“re-”). More at ed-.

Quick answers

What does et mean in Latin?
et, a conjunction, means “and; both; plus”.
How do you pronounce et?
In classical Latin, [ˈɛt]; in ecclesiastical (church) Latin, [ˈɛt].