noun · masculinesecond declension
erus
erus m (genitive erī, feminine era)
Classical[ˈɛ.rʊs]Ecclesiastical[ˈɛː.rus]
Meaning
- masculinemaster of the house or family
- broadlymasculinea spouse, husband; an owner; a ruler, sovereign; a divinity, god
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
dominus servōrumerus -ī (m) — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 7
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | erus | erī |
| genitive | erī | erōrum |
| dative | erō | erīs |
| accusative | erum | erōs |
| ablative | erō | erīs |
| vocative | ere | erī |
ĕrus (less correctly, hĕrus,
I. v. infra), i, m. Sanscr. root, har-; har-āmi, I seize; har-anam, hand; Gr. χείρ, χέρης; Lat. heres, hirudo; but the form erus is that of the best MSS.; cf. Ritschl, Opusc. 2, 409; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 24.
I. Lit., the master of a house or family, in respect to servants:
erum atque servom saluere, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 34: iis, qui vi oppressos imperio coercent, sit sane adhibenda saevitia, ut eris in famulos, si aliter teneri non possunt, Cic. Off. 2, 7, 24; cf.: non eros nec dominos appellabant eos, quibus juste paruerunt, id. Rep. 1, 41; Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 87: me meus erus Fecit ut vigilarem, id. ib. 141: nonne erae meae nunciare, quod erus meus jussit, licet? id. ib. 296: quis erus est igitur tibi? id. ib. 206; 225: nec victoris eri tetigit captiva cubile, Verg. A. 3, 324; Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 20; cf.: O ere, quae res Nec modum habet, etc., Hor. S. 2, 3, 265: Le. Ubinam est erus? Li. Major apud forum'st minor hic est intus, our old ... our young master, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 63; cf. id. Capt. 3, 5, 49 sq.—II. Transf.
A. Of men, a master, lord, owner, proprietor (poet.):
agellulum hunc erique villulam hortulumque pauperis Tuor, Cat. 20, 4; cf.: propriae telluris erus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 129; and: ne perconteris, fundus meus Arvo pascat erum, an, etc., id. Ep. 1, 16, 2: destinata Aula divitem manet erum, id. C. 2, 18, 32: O cubile ... quae tuo veniunt ero Quanta gaudia, Cat. 61, 116.—B. Of the gods:
nondum cum sanguine sacro Hostia caelestes pacificasset eros, Cat. 68, 76.—Of the gods, absol.: quod temere invitis suscipiatur eris, Cat. 68, 78.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
erus (not herus), ī, m
ES-, the master of a house, head of a family ; opp. famuli, C., V., H.— A master, lord, owner, proprietor : propriae telluris, H.: fundus pascat erum, H.: tuus, i. e. husband , Ct.: caelestes, the gods , Ct.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *ezos (“master”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁esh₂ós (“master”). Cognate with Hittite 𒅖𒄩𒀀𒀸 (“išhāš "master"”). A connection with heres (“heir”) and hirudo (“leech”) has also been proposed by Charlton Lewis and Charles Short, making its stem instead from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁ro- (“derelict”). Cognates would include Ancient Greek χήρα (khḗra, “widow”), Sanskrit हरति (harati, “to seize”) and हरण (haraṇa, “abduction”).