LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“rib” in Latin

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

rib
costa. To break a rib, costam frangere: his rib is quite broken, tota costa perfracta est (Cels.): to stick a man in the ribs, alicujus latus transfigere, confodere or transfodere gladio (sica, etc.).
Ribs (of a ship), costae: statumina (the framework): the keels and ribs were first made of light timber, carinae primum ac statumina ex levi materia fiebant.
Ribs (on leaves), foliorum nervulae (Plin.).
Wife, Vid.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for rib?
The usual Latin words for “rib” are costa, statūmen, cōnfodiō; also sīca. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.