LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“primary” in Latin

The English word primary itself goes back to Latin prīmus, through prīmārius.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

primary
primus; principalis. The primary meaning of a word, naturalis et principalis verbi significatio [Vid: PRIMITIVE]: the primary impulses or instincts of our nature, principia, initia or prima naturae: principia naturalia (Vid: Cic., Off., 3, 12, 52; De Fin., 2, 12, extr. and 5, 7).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for primary?
The usual Latin words for “primary” are prīmus, prīncipālis, prī̆nceps; also initium. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.