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“pagan” in Latin

The English word pagan itself goes back to Latin pāgus, through pāgānus.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

pagan
idololatra (Tert.); paganus (Augustin; in classical Latin, of a village, villager): gentilis, ethnicus (ecclesiastical); non Christianus (Tert.); *doctrinae Christianae, or sacrorum Christianorum, expers; *falsorum or adumbratorum deorum cultor.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for pagan?
The usual Latin words for “pagan” are īdōlolatrēs, pāgānus, gentīlis; also ethnicus, expers, falsus. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.