“have” in Latin

(1) (1) To possess (in a wide sense), habere aliquid (to be in actual possessiofi of a property, whether material or intellectual, outward or inward; e.g., auctoritatem, potestatem. Vid: below on tenere): est mihi aliquid (ἐστί μοί τι, for which, if the subject be of the possession of any mental quality, we may say, sum aliqua re or alicujus rei, but only when the property has an attributive [adjective] with it; Vid: examples in POSSESS): aliquid possidere (to possess, also a mental property, etc., ingenium, magnam vim, etc.): tenere (to contain within itself physically; e.g., to have so many countries, districts [ = contain]; then, also, of rulers, generals, or other possessors; tenere aliquem locum: to have the supreme command, tenere summam imperii. Also = “I have you;” i. e., have caught you tripping; Vid: end of article): aliqua re praeditum, instructum or ornatum e. sse (to be endued, furnished with anything; the latter especially with an agreeable and honorable thing): inesse alicui or in aliquo: esse in aliquo (to dwell in anybody, as a property; inesse, with dative in historians; Sall., Cat., 58, 2, etc; Nep., Ep., 5, 2; with in and ablative, Ter., Eun., 1, 1, 14; Cic., Off., 1, 37, 134, etc.): affectum esse aliqua re (to be affected with anything, especially with an evil; to be in a certain state or condition): uti aliquo or aliqua re (to have a person who is employed, or thing that is used, to enjoy the use of anything, can be used only when “to have” has these meanings; hence it is not Latin to say,” he had a barber for his father,” patre usus est tonsore [= he employed his father as his barber], for natus est patre tonsore or patrem habebat tonsorem nor patria usus est insula N.N. for patriam habebat insulam N.N.: ignotis judicibus quam notis uti malle [to prefer having judges who were strangers to him, etc.] is rigid, he having an object in this; i. e., that of escaping through their ignorance of his character: he had a frugal man for his father, usus est patre diligenti; Vid: examples with uti, below): valere aliqua re (to be strong by means of anything, or in anything; e.g., naval power, popularity, etc.): penes aliquem est aliquid (anything is lodged with, or put in the hands of anybody; e.g., T. Quinctius had the command, summa imperii penes T. Quinctium erat). To have money, troops, ornatum esse pecunia, copiis: to have great wealth, divitiis or opibus et copiis affluere: to have children, liberis auctum esse: to have a great many children, beatissimum esse liberis: to have children by a woman, liberos ex aliqua (☞ not ab aliqua) sustulisse or suscepisse: to have a woman for one’s wife, habere aliquem in matrimonio: to have anybody for one’s husband, nuptum esse alicui: to have anybody for or as a friend, habere aliquem amicum; uti aliquo amico: to have a most intimate friend in anybody, uti aliquo familiariter or intime (to have intimate intercourse with anybody): to have anybody for an enemy, infestus est mihi aliquis: to have a good (true) friend in anybody, habere aliquem bonum amicum: to have a stout friend or enemy in anybody, fortem amicum or inimicum expertum esse aliquem (both Nep., Them., 9, 4): to have equal rights (with anybody), eodem jure or iisdem legibus uti: to have a favorable wind, success in war, uti ventis secundis, uti proeliis secundis: those whom I had with me, qui erant mecum (general term, as companions); quos habebam mihi ad manum (as helpers, for support): I had few (attendants) with me, pauci circum me erant: to have persons with him, homines circum pedes habere: to have a person always about one, aliquem sibi affixum habere: to have anybody for colleague, partner, etc., aliquis socius mihi adjunctus est: to have a person over one, alicui subjunctum or subjectum esse: to have anybody under one, alicui praeesse or praepositum esse: to have the enemy before one, e regione hostis (hostium) esse or stare: to long to have anything, egere aliqua re: to have a disease, morbo correptum esse: but, to have a fever, febrem, or febrim, or (diminutive) febriculam habere (Cic.): to have no fever, febrim non habere; febri carere; a febre liberari (if the pirson has had it). ☞ “To have,” with substantives, especially with abstract substantives., is often expressed in Latin by verbs containing the notion of such substantives; as, to have pleasure or delight in anything, gaudere or delectari aliqua re: to have leisure for anything, vacare alicui rei (Vid: the particular substantives with which “have” is used). Not to have, carere aliqua re: to have enough, nihil ultra flagitare: no longer to have a parent, parentibus orbum, or orbatum, or privatum esse: he has enough to live upon, habet qui or unde utatur: anything has something in it, non temere fit; est aliquid in re momenti; alicui rei subest aliquid (e.g., a report has something in it). Hence, “to have,” in a wider acceptation, (a) e.g., to have received: now you have my plans, habes consilia nostra: you have it now, hem tibi! you have this for your time-serving, hunc fructum refers ex isto tuo utriusque partis studio. (b) To have heard, to know; e.g., to have anything on good authority, aliquid certo auctore or certis auctoribus cognovisse: I have the information from your brother, hoc accepi a fratre tuo; hoc audivi de fratre tuo. (c) To get, to take, to receive, accipere (of what you deliver over): there you have the book, accipe librum (as Hor., Sat., 1, 4, 14, accipe tabuias): here you have two hundred quires (of paper), tu vero aufer ducentos scapos (Cic., Att., 5, 4, 4): there! you have it! utere, accipe! (as Plaut., Mil., 3, 1, 176): new bread may always be had here, semper hic recentis panis est copia: that can easily be had, parabilis. (d) To wish or desire to have, i. e., to demand, request, order, wish, desire; e.g., what would you have? quid vis? quid postulas? what would you have with me? quid est, quod me velis? I would have you do so and so, tu velim facias etc. (2) To hold in the hand, to carry or wear on one’s self, habere: tenere (to hold), gestare (to carry, bear, wear): to have in one’s hands, (in) manibus habere or tenere: to have in the hand (to lead), manu ducere: to have about, secum habere, or portare, or gestare; esse cum aliqua re (e.g., cum telo): to have something perpetually in one’s mouth (to be continually mentioning it), aliquid semper in ore habere. (3) In connection with the infinitive, in various relations. (a) The infinitive after “I have,” is often equivalent to a relative clause; e.g., “I have nothing to accuse old age of” = “I have nothing of which I may accuse old age,” nihil (or non) habeo, quod incusem senectutem; nihil habeo, quod ad te scribam: I have nothing to write, non habeo, quod scribam (but in non habeo, quid scribam, habeo would = scio, cognitum or perspectum habeo, I do not know what to write; Vid: Beier, Cic., Off., 2, 2, 7; Krüger, 615, Obs. 6): this is what I had to say, haec habui, quae dicerem (☞ not haec habui dicere, which is a Grecism): he has nothing to accuse us of, non est, cur nos incuset. (b) The infinitive after “to have” is sometimes equivalent to an expression of duty, or, rather, denotes a task. Here it must be rendered by the participle of the future passive; as, every one has to employ his own judgement, suo cuique judicio utendum est: I have many letters to write, multae litterae mihi scribendae sunt. In this construction, in the consequence of a conditional proposition, “I would have,” etc., fuit is more common than fuisset; e.g., if you had lived, you would have had to undergo anything, si vixisses, aliquid tibi subeundum fuit.

To have a thing done = to get it done, is to be translated by curare, with participle in dus. I had him honorably buried, funus ei satis amplum faciendum curavi. But ☞ a person is, as in English, often said to do what he really gets done for him; I will have you put to death, interficiam te; wishing to have a ring made, cum vellet annulum sibi facere.

Have = have caught (colloquial): I have you (there)! teneote! or hic te teneo! (colloquial; e.g., teneo te, inquam, nam, etc., Cic., Acad., 2, 48, 148; hic te, inquit, teneo; non est istud judicium pati; Cic., Quint., 10, 63).

In answers, “I hare” is really equivalent to the perfect definition of the verb asking the question: “thus have you conquered?” “I have” = “I have conquered” vici. If the question is, “have you got it? = “do you possess it?” the answer will be in the present: have you got it? tenesne? I have, teneo.