“fall” in Latin

(a) (a) = to fall down; fall to the ground, πίπτειν. (A)

PROPR., cadere (Vid: the proper word in nearly all the meanings of the English word; e.g., of the falling of persons, of rain, snow, dice, etc.): decidere (to fall down from anything, re or ex re): excidere (to fall out of anything, aliqua re, ex or de re): incidere: illabi (to fall or slip into; into anything, in aliquid; e.g., incidere in foveam: to fall into the sea, illabi mari; but incidere also = to fall upon anything; e.g., to fall upon anybody’s legs, of a stone, etc., incidere in alicujus crura; also, super aliquem or aliquid †): labi (to slip, etc., denotes the commencement of falling, and therefore expresses less than cadere; ☞ Cic., Phil., 2, 21, init., labentem et paene cadentem rempublicam fulcire): delabi (to slip or slide down; from anything, de aliqua re; e.g., annulus sponte de digito delapsus est): defluere (PROP., to flow down; e.g., from heaven, as rain; then, e.g., to slip or slide down imperceptibly or unobserved to the ground, as a chaplet from anybody’s head). To fall upon anybody, ruina sua comprimere aliquem (of what falls with a crushing weight): a slippery way on which one can scarcely stand or walk without falling or slipping, via lubrica, qua insistere aut ingredi sine casu aliquo aut prolapsione vix possis (Cic., Caecin., 17, 41): to fall into the sea, etc. (of rivers), in mare effundi or se effundere; in mare fluere, influere; in mare erumpere (to break a way by force): to fall toward, prolabi: to fall from heaven, de caelo labi, defluere (of rain): to fall from a carriage, curru excuti; curru excidere (Ov., Fast., 6, 743): to fall down stairs, labi per gradus; per gradus praecipitem ire (of a more violent fall): to fall from a horse, labi ex equo; cadere ex (de) equo; decidere (ex) equo; defluere ex equo in terram (to sink from a horse, of a wounded person, etc.). To fall down at anybody’s feet, knees, etc. [Vid: under FUUT, KNEE]: the leaves fall from the trees, folia ex arboribus decidunt: fruit falls from the trees, fructus defluit; poma cadunt, decidunt (all three, whether ripe or not): to let one’s toga fall from the shoulders, togam de humero dejicere: to let anything fall, excidit alicui aliquid manu or de (ex) manibus; delabitur alicui aliquid de manibus (unintentionally); amittere aliquid de manu or manibus (through carelessness); dimittere de manibus; omittere aliquid (voluntarily to let go, to throw away; e.g., one’s shield, arms; both also figuratively; e.g., to give up; dimittere; e.g., one’s right; omittere, e.g. hope). To fall into poverty, ad inopiam delabi (Tac.); into a fault, in vitium delabi (Cic.). To fall to the ground (= be lost, unheeded; of a saying), excidere; in terram defluere (both Cic., Lael., 15, 68). To fall asleep, [Vid: ASLEEP]. To fall into a passion, a fit; to fall in love, etc.; to fall a sacrifice to, [Vid: the substantives]. Prov. He has fallen on his feet, haud stulte sapit (Ter., Heaut., 2, 3, 32). (b) To fall (down), of what also falls to pieces, concidere (of buildings; e.g., conclave, turris, etc.): procidere (to fall forward, muri pars; also of trees): collabi: prolabi (to sink down, especially of falling down from age): corruere: proruere (violently with a crash. The compounds of pro also implying motion forward). To fall down from old age, aetate prolabi: to threaten to fall, ruinam minari; in ruinam pronum esse. (B) figuratively (1) To fall in war, battle, etc., cadere (commonly with proelio or in proelio, acie or in acie, bello); concidere in proelio; occidere in bello: to fall by anybody’s hand, cadere, occidere, interire or perire ab aliquo: to fall fighting, pugnantem cadere: to fall by assassination, per insidias interfici: to fall fighting for one’s country, pro patria cadere: Eudemus fell in the battle near Syracuse, Eudemus proelians ad Syracusas occidit. (2) To be taken; of a town, expugnari: deleri (to be destroyed from the foundation). (3) In a wider sense (e.g., to lose one’s credit, dignity and power, innocence), cadere, corruere (in respect of credit and power): to begin to fall, labi (Vid: Cic., Rab. Post., 16, 43; labentem excepit... nec amicum pendentem corruere patitur); auctoritatem suam amittere (in respect of influence); benevolentiam alicujus amittere; in odium alicujus incidere; in odium alicui venire (in respect of favor with a prince, etc.); pudicitiam amittere, vitiari (in respect of innocence, of a female).

To fall = to come upon, etc., to denote the sudden and unexpected attainment of anything, or happening of anything. Anything (e.g., a book) falls into my hands, aliquid incidit in manus (τυγχάνω τιυός): to fall into the hands (power) of anybody, in manus alicujus incidere, venire: to fall into the hands of one’s pursuers, *ab insequentibus hostibus deprehendi: to fall among robbers, pirates, inter latronum globum incidere (after Liv., 25, 39); in turbam praedonum decidere (Hor.); a praedonibus capi (Suet., Caes. 4): to fall into an ambuscade, in insidias incidere, intrare; insidiis circumveniri: to fall ill, in morbum incidere; morbo corripi; adversam valetudinem contrahere: to fall ill of a disease (Vid: DISEASE): to fall into a swoon, etc. [Vid. SWOON, etc.] : to fall into suspicion with anybody, cadere in suspicionem alicujus. Hence to fall is, (a) generally, to come to any place; e.g., the rays of light fall on any place, lumen penetrat aliquo: the light falls from above into the house, *lumen superne domus occipit: (b) to light upon, to befall; suspicion falls upon anybody, suspicio cadit in aliquem: the guilt falls upon anybody, culpa confertur in aliquem or attribuitur alicui: the lot falls on me, sors contingit me: the choice falls upon anybody, eligitur et creatur alicujus: (c) to happen within a certain space; of a time, a feast, etc., cadere, incidere, in with accusative: to fall in the same period, in idem tempus incidere: the age of Romulus falls in a century, when etc., in id saeculum Romuli cadit aetas, cum etc.: the money falls due on that day, numi cadunt in eum diem: anything falls upon a day, aliquid incidit in aliquem diem (e.g., in quem diem Romana incidant mysteria, facies me certiorem, C., cum in calendas Januarias Compitaliorum dies incidisset). (d) To be, in expressions such as, it falls very hard upon me, aegre or moleste fero aliquid (i. e., I am displeased, dissatisfied); in me unum aliquid incumbit (falls heavily on me alone; e.g., inclinatio communium temporum, Cic.). (e) Anything falls upon me. (α) I bear the loss (in any transaction), damnum ex aliqua re capio. (β) I must undertake it myself; e.g., all oppressive burdens, which formerly were common, fell upon the principal men of the state, omnia onera, quae communia quondam fuerant, inclinata sunt in primores civitatis: the children fall upon the mother only, matri soli liberi sunt educandi. (γ) I bear the blame of a thing, culpa in me confertur or transfertur; culpa mihi attribuitur: (f) to come into the possession of anybody, to fall to his share or lot, obtingit mihi aliquid (especially by lot or choice, when it is somewhat accidental): venit or obvenit mihi aliquid (by good luck, lot, or choice, more with reference to the effect or consequence of it): contingit mihi aliquid (commonly of some favor of fortune; e.g., commoda): nanciscor aliquid (I obtain it by chance or lot, without any co-operation of mine): redit aliquid ad me (anything comes to me from or after another possessor; anything becomes my PROP.). An inheritance has fallen to me, [Vid: INHERITANCE]: anybody’s property falls to me by law, alicujus bona lege ad me redeunt. The province of Syria falls to the lot of Scipio, Scipioni Syria obvenit or obtigit.

To sink, be diminished, decrease in height, (A) PROPR., of a cloud, etc., delabi: desidere (to settle on the ground): the water of this fountain rises and falls three times in the day, hic fons ter in die crescit decrescitque: the barometer falls, *Mercurius (in tubo Torricelliano) descendit. (B) IMPROPR., figuratively, (a) of the voice, the tone, cadere: to let the voice fall, vocem remittere (in delivery); *voce inclinata canere (in singing): (b) to lessen, diminish; of price, etc., minui; imminui: the price of corn has fallen, annona laxat, levatur: an article falls in price, *pretium mercis imminuitur; *res fit vilior: his authority has fallen, auctoritas ejus imminuta est.

A falling down, or the state or condition of falling, casus (general term, also, of the fall of a tower or other high building): lapsus (a slipping, sliding, especially a fall in consequence of a false step; then also of a landslip, terrae lapsus): ruina (a fall of a great mass, of a chamber, tower, etc.): labes (a gradual fall, especially of the earth, terrae). To have a fall, cadere; labi (to slip out or down): to have a severe fall, graviter cadere or concidere (poetically).

figuratively, (a) e.g., destruction, ruina (both of a state and of a mercantile house, in which last sense we may say ruinae fortunarum mercatoris alicujus, after Cic., Cat., 1, 6, 14): excidium (e.g., the destruction of a state; e.g., of Carthage): casus (the destruction of a person). (b) the fall of a person from the height of his dignity, *amissa alicujus auctoritas or dignitas; *amissa principis gratia (loss of the favor of a prince).

Diminution in the height of a liquid body, decessus: recessus (especially the ebb of the tide; [Vid: EBB]): the fall of the barometer, *descensus mercurii (in tubo Torricelliano). A fall of water, delapsus aquae. To have a fall for water (of a field), delapsum aquae habere.