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“eternity” in Latin

The English word eternity itself goes back to Latin aetās, through aeternitās.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

eternity
aeternitas: vis aeterna (both of God, as a property; aeternitas also = eternal duration; e.g., temporum): tempus infinitum: aevum sempiternum (eternal duration): vita aeterna: *vita altera (the next life): from eternity (i. e., from a long time), ab aeternitate, ex aeterno tempore; ab infinito tempore: for an eternity (i. e., very long), astatem (Vid: Ter., Eun., 4, 5, 8): for all eternity, inperpetuum; in omne tempus; in aeternum (for all times, as Liv., 4, 4, in aeternum urbem condere: ☞ aeternum alone is poetical; and aliquid in aeternum, or in omnem aeternitatem non fiet, for numquam fiet, is not Latin). For “through all eternity,” Vid: ETERNALLY.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for eternity?
The usual Latin words for “eternity” are aeternitās, tempus. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.