LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“eloquence” in Latin

The English word eloquence itself goes back to Latin loquor, through ēloquentia.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

eloquence
Readiness in speaking, facultas dicendi: facundia (Sall., Varr., , not Cic., Caes., or, probably, Liv.): eloquentia [SYN. in ELOQUENT]: facultas eloquendi (readiness in expressing one’s self): vis dicendi or orandi. To speak with great eloquence, eloquentissime dioere (de re). To possess remarkable eloquence, imprimis dicendo valere; dicendi facultate florere; dicendi gloria praestare; ornate copioseque dicere.
As an art, ars dicendi: ars oratoria or rhetorica, or rhetorica only (general term): dicendi ratio (as theory). Forensic eloquence, genus dicendi judiciis aptum; eloquentia forensis. To devote one’s self to the study of eloquence, ad dicendum se conferre.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for eloquence?
The usual Latin words for “eloquence” are fācundia, ēloquor, ōrō; also rhētoricus. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.