LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“contrition” in Latin

The English word contrition itself goes back to Latin terō, through contrītiō.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

contrition
act of rubbing to powder, etc., attritio, attritus, us (attritus, Plin., Sen., ; attritio, perhaps only Lampridius, and Marc. Capella; Freund). To reduce anything to powder by contrition, quam minutissime commolere aliquid (to a very fine powder, Col., 12, 28, 1); aliquid conterere in pulverem (Plin.).
Deep sorrow for sin, *animus acerbissima poenitentia afflictus [ ☞ contritio has the sufficient authority of Lactantius for ecclesiastical Latin. As distinguished from “attrition,” by Roman Cutholic writers, *contritio, quam Pontificii vocant. The Roman Catholics distinguish contrition from attrition, *Pontificii aliud contritionem, aliud attritionem esse volunt]. So deep or so sincere was his contrition, tanta vis erat poenitendi (Curt.).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for contrition?
The usual Latin words for “contrition” are attrītiō, atterō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.