verbthird conjugation, irregular alternative forms
edō1
edō (present infinitive edere or ēsse, perfect active ēdī, supine ēsum or ēssum or ēstum)
Classical[ˈɛ.doː]Ecclesiastical[ˈɛː.do]
№ 688 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to eat
Tunc, modo edere volēbat.
At that time, he just wanted to eat.
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
cibum in ōs dūcō; ut vīvāmus, edimus.edō -ere — in Mille Verba, Cibus et Convīvium
cibum sūmōedō, ēsse, ēst — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 14 and Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 2
to eat
edō, ēsse — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 2, 3, 5, 12, 16, 23
eat
edō, ēsse — in De Bello Gallico II and De Bello Gallico III
eats
edit — in Seneca, ch. IX
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Altus · Editus · Procerus · Arduus · Celsus · Excelsus · Sublimis
1. Altus denotes, as a general expression, height or depth, as mathematical dimensions, in opp. to length and breadth, and, consequently, height, in opp. to humilis; Cic. Tusc. v. 13. 24. Orat 57. N. D. ii. 47, like ὑψηλός; editus denotes height, in opp. to planus, Tac. Ann. xv. 38: lastly, procerus denotes height or length in reference to growth. The altum has no measure and no limits; the editum has the bulk of a hill; the procerum has the bulk of a tree, the full stature of the human figure, and so forth. 2. Altus, editus, and procerus, denote height merely in relation to space; arduus means height, which is at the same time steep and inaccessible; thence, figuratively, ‘difficult, impossible;’ celsus, height, that thrusts itself out, and stretches upwards; thence, figuratively, ‘proud;’ excelsus and præcelsus, what overtops something that is itself high, hence ‘pre-eminent;’ sublimis, what is on high without touching the ground, soaring in the air, like μετέωρος; thence, figuratively, ‘grand,’ of an elevated nature. (ii. 99.)
Conjugation conjugation 3 irregular
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | edō | edēbam | edam | ēdī ēdidī | ēderam ēdideram | ēderō ēdiderō |
| 2nd sg. | edis ēs | edēbās | edēs | ēdistī ēdidistī | ēderās ēdiderās | ēderis ēdideris |
| 3rd sg. | edit ēst | edēbat | edet | ēdit ēdidit | ēderat ēdiderat | ēderit |
| 1st pl. | edimus | edēbāmus | edēmus | ēdimus ēdidimus | ēderāmus ēdiderāmus | ēderimus ēdiderimus |
| 2nd pl. | editis ēstis | edēbātis | edētis | ēdistis ēdidistis | ēderātis ēdiderātis | ēderitis ēdideritis |
| 3rd pl. | edunt | edēbant | edent | ēdērunt ēdēre, ēdidēre, ēdidērunt | ēderant ēdiderant | ēderint ēdiderint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | edam edim | ederem ēssem | ēderim ēdiderim | ēdissem ēdidissem |
| 2nd sg. | edās edīs | ederēs ēssēs | ēderīs ēdiderīs | ēdissēs ēdidissēs |
| 3rd sg. | edat edit, ēst | ederet ēsset | ēderit ēdiderit | ēdisset ēdidisset |
| 1st pl. | edāmus edīmus | ederēmus ēssēmus | ēderīmus ēdiderīmus | ēdissēmus ēdidissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | edātis edītis | ederētis ēssētis | ēderītis ēdiderītis | ēdissētis ēdidissētis |
| 3rd pl. | edant edint | ederent ēssent | ēderint ēdiderint | ēdissent ēdidissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | edor | edēbar | edar |
| 2nd sg. | ederis edere, ēssis, ēsse | edēbāris edēbāre | edēris edēre |
| 3rd sg. | editur ēstur | edēbātur | edētur |
| 1st pl. | edimur | edēbāmur | edēmur |
| 2nd pl. | ediminī | edēbāminī | edēminī |
| 3rd pl. | eduntur | edēbantur | edentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | edar | ederer ēsser |
| 2nd sg. | edāris edāre | ederēris ederēre, ēssēris, ēssēre |
| 3rd sg. | edātur | ederētur ēssētur |
| 1st pl. | edāmur | ederēmur ēssēmur |
| 2nd pl. | edāminī | ederēminī ēssēminī |
| 3rd pl. | edantur | ederentur ēssentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | ede ēs | edere ēsse |
| pres. 2nd pl. | edite ēste | ediminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | editō ēstō | editor ēstor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | editō ēstō | editor ēstor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | editōte ēstōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | eduntō | eduntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | edere ēsse | edī |
| perfect infinitive | ēdisse ēdidisse | ēsum esse ēssum esse, ēstum esse |
| future infinitive | ēsūrum esse ēssūrum esse, ēstūrum esse | ēsum īrī ēssum īrī, ēstum īrī |
| present participle | edēns edente, edentem, edentēs, edentī, edentia, edentibus, edentis, edentīs, edentium | — |
| perfect participle | — | ēsus ēssus, ēstus, ēditus, ēsa, ēsā, ēsae, ēsam, ēsārum, ēsās, ēse, ēsī, ēsīs, ēsō, ēsōrum, ēsōs, ēssa, ēssā, ēssae, ēssam, ēssārum, ēssās, ēssī, ēssō, ēssōrum, ēssōs, ēsta, ēstā, ēstae, ēstam, ēstārum, ēstās, ēstī, ēstōrum, ēstōs |
| future participle | ēsūrus ēssūrus, ēstūrus, ēditūra, ēditūrā, ēditūrae, ēditūram, ēditūrārum, ēditūrās, ēditūre, ēditūrī, ēditūrīs, ēditūrō, ēditūrōrum, ēditūrōs, ēditūrum, ēditūrus, ēssūra, ēssūrā, ēssūrae, ēssūram, ēssūrārum, ēssūrās, ēssūre, ēssūrī, ēssūrīs, ēssūrō, ēssūrōrum, ēssūrōs, ēssūrum, ēstūra, ēstūrā, ēstūrae, ēstūram, ēstūrārum, ēstūrās, ēstūre, ēstūrī, ēstūrīs, ēstūrō, ēstūrōrum, ēstūrōs, ēstūrum, ēsūra, ēsūrā, ēsūrae, ēsūram, ēsūrārum, ēsūrās, ēsūre, ēsūrī, ēsūrīs, ēsūrō, ēsūrōrum, ēsūrōs, ēsūrum | edendus edundus, edunda, edundā, edundae, edundam, edundārum, edundās, edunde, edundī, edundīs, edundō, edundōrum, edundōs, edundum |
gerundedendī, edendō, edendumsupineēsum, ēsū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- in lucem edi
- to see the light, come into the world.
- fabulam edere
- to bring out a play, put it on the stage (used of the man who finds the money).
- risum edere, tollere
- to begin to laugh.
- oraculum dare, edere
- to give an oracular response.
- stragem edere, facere
- to massacre.
- animam edere or efflare
- to give up the ghost.
- exemplum edere, prodere
- to set an example.
- cachinnum tollere, edere
- to burst into a roar of laughter.
9 more phrases
- ludos facere, edere (Iovi)
- to give public games in honour of Jupiter.
- librum edere (Div. 1. 3. 6)
- to publish a book.
- extremum vitae spiritum edere
- to give up the ghost.
- efferre or edere aliquid in vulgus
- to divulge, make public.
- ingentem caedem edere (Liv. 5. 13)
- to cause great slaughter, carnage.
- aliquem testem dare, edere, proferre
- to produce as a witness.
- scelus edere in aliquem (Sest. 26. 58)
- to commit a crime against some one.
- exemplum (severitatis) edere in aliquo (Q. Fr. 1. 2. 2. 5)
- to inflict an exemplary punishment on some one.
- munus gladiatorium edere, dare (or simply munus edere, dare)
- to give a gladiatorial show.
ĕdo, ēdi, ēsum, 3 (
I. sup.:
esum, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 13; id. Men. 3, 1, 11; id. Stich. 1, 3, 28: esu, id. Ps. 3, 2, 35.—The contr. forms es, est, estis, etc., are very freq. in prose and poetry: est, Verg. A. 4, 66; 5, 683; Hor. S. 2, 2, 57: esset, id. ib. 2, 6, 89; Verg. G. 1, 151: esse, Quint. 11, 3, 136; Juv. 15, 102: esto, Cato R. R. 156, 1.—Hence, also in the pass.: estur, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 78; id. Poen. 4, 2, 13; Cels. 27, 3; Ov. Pont. 1, 1, 69; and: essetur, Varr. L. L. 5, § 106 Müll.—Archaic forms of the subj. praes.: edim, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16; id. Trin. 2, 4, 73; 74; Caecil. and Pompon. ap. Non. 507, 7: edis, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 45; id. Trin. 2, 4, 72: edit, Cato R. R. 1, 56, 6; 1, 57, 9 sq.; Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 1; 3; id. Aul. 4, 6, 6; id. Poen. prol. 9; Hor. Epod. 3, 3; id. S. 2, 8, 90: edimus, Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 34: editis, Nov. ap. Non. l. l.: edint, Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 22), v. a. Sanscr. ad-mi, eat; Gr. ἔδ-ω, ἐσθίω; Lat. edax, esca, esurio, etc.; cf. also Gr. ὀδούς, ὀδοντ- Aeol. plur. ἐδοντες, dens, to eat (for syn. cf.: comedo, vescor, pascor, devoro, haurio, mando, ceno, epulor). I. Lit.: ille ipse astat, quando edit, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 893; cf.
so uncontr., Cic. Att. 13, 52: miserrimus est, qui cum esse cupit, quod edit non habet, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 3: ut de symbolis essemus, Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 2: mergi eos (sc. pullos) in aquam jussit, ut biberent, quoniam esse nollent, Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 7 et saep.—2. Prov.
a. Multos modios salis simul edisse, to have eaten bushels of salt with another, i. e. to be old friends, Cic. Lael. 19.—
b. De patella, i. e. to show contempt for religion (v. patella), Cic. Fin. 2, 7 fin.—
c. Pugnos, to taste one's fists, i. e. to get a good drubbing, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 153.—
B. Transf.
1. Bona, to squander, dissipate, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 29.—
2. Of inanimate subjects, qs. to eat up, i. e. to consume, destroy (poet.):
ut mala culmos Esset robigo, Verg. G. 1, 151: carinas lentus vapor (i. e. flamma), id. A. 5, 683: corpora virus, Ov. Ib. 608 al.—II. Trop., to corrode, consume, devour (almost exclusively poet.):
si quid est animum, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 39; cf.: nimium libenter edi sermonem tuum, have devoured, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 1: nec te tantus edat tacitam dolor, Verg. A. 12, 801: nec edunt oblivia laudem, Sil. 13, 665 et saep.ĕdo, ōnis, m. 1. edo,
I. a glutton, Varr. ap. Non. 48, 19.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
edō ēdī, ēsus, ere, or ēsse (ēst for edit; ēsses, ēsset, for ederes, etc., V., H., O., Iu.; ēstur, O.—Subj: edit for edat, H.; edint, C.)
ED-, to eat, consume : de symbolis, T.: ut biberent, quoniam esse nollent: ut edint de patellā, i. e. offerings to the gods : amor edendi, hunger , V. (cf. edendum).—Prov.: multos modios salis simul edendos esse (in a long friendship).—Of things, to eat up, consume, destroy : ut mala culmos Ēsset robigo, V.: carinas lentus vapor (i. e. flamma), V.—Fig., to corrode, consume, devour : si quid ēst animum, H.: Nec te tantus edat tacitam dolor, V.
ē-dō didī, ditus, ere,
to give out, put forth, bring forth, raise, set up: animam, i. e. die: vitam, to end: spiritum: clamorem, utter: voces: questūs, O.: Maeander in sinum maris editur, discharges, L.: ordo editus in altum.—To bring forth, give birth to, bear, produce, beget: partum: quem partu edidit, V.: geminos, O.: Electram Atlas Edidit, V.—P. pass.: in lucem, C. poët.: partu, O.: de flumine, O.: Maecenas atavis regibus, H. —To produce: (tellus) Edidit species, O.: utrum alios terra ediderit, L.—To put forth, publish: de re p. libros: delere licebit Quod non edideris, H. —To set forth, publish, relate, tell, utter, announce, declare, disclose: quid in magistratu gesserint: carmen post rem actam editum, L.: hominis nomen, H.: veros ortūs, O.: mea fata tibi, O.: oraculum: haec ex oraculo edita tibi: illum iactum per inane, O.: auctorem doctrinae falso Pythagoran, L.: (hunc) filium ediderim, am inclined to call him, L.: opinio in volgus edita, spread abroad, Cs.: in volgus edit, profectum, etc., N.: editis hostium consiliis, divulged, L.—To give out, promulgate, proclaim, ordain: verba: iudicium: mandata edita, L.: quid fieri vellet, L.—To designate, name: hostiae, quibus editum est diis, caesae, L.: iudices editi (cf. editicii): sibi eum edidit socium. —To bring forth, show, display, produce, perform, bring about, cause, inflict: oves nullum fructum edere possent: contemptus hostis cruentum certamen edidit, L.: ingentem caedem, L.: trepidationis aliquantum, L.: facinus, perpetrate: (scelus) in me: munus gladiatorium, exhibit, L.: exemplum severitatis: in te exempla, make an example of you, T.: in eos omnia exempla cruciatūsque, Cs.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁ed-
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁édti
- Proto-Italic*edō
- Latinedō
Inherited from Proto-Italic *edō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti. The long vowel in some of the forms is probably due to Lachmann's law. Cognates include Ancient Greek ἔδω (édō), Sanskrit अत्ति (átti), Hittite 𒂊𒀉𒈪 (ēdmi, “I eat”), Old English etan (English eat), Lithuanian ėsti, Welsh ysu, and Russian есть (jestʹ).