verbthird conjugation
dīrigō
dīrigō (present infinitive dīrigere, perfect active dīrēxī, supine dīrēctum)
Classical[ˈdiː.rɪ.ɡoː]Ecclesiastical[ˈdiː.ri.ɡo]
Meaning
- to lay straight; arrange in lines (especially in military contexts)
- to direct to a place, guide, steer
dīriget in mediō quis mea vēla fretō?
Who will guide my sails amidst the sea?8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 1.466 - to distribute, scatter
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
rēctā dūcōdīrigō -ere — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 17
direct, draw up
dīrigō -ere, -rēctus — in De Bello Gallico III
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | dīrigō | dīrigēbam | dīrigam | dīrēxī | dīrēxeram | dīrēxerō |
| 2nd sg. | dīrigis | dīrigēbās | dīrigēs | dīrēxistī | dīrēxerās | dīrēxeris |
| 3rd sg. | dīrigit | dīrigēbat | dīriget | dīrēxit | dīrēxerat | dīrēxerit |
| 1st pl. | dīrigimus | dīrigēbāmus | dīrigēmus | dīrēximus | dīrēxerāmus | dīrēxerimus |
| 2nd pl. | dīrigitis | dīrigēbātis | dīrigētis | dīrēxistis | dīrēxerātis | dīrēxeritis |
| 3rd pl. | dīrigunt | dīrigēbant | dīrigent | dīrēxērunt dīrēxēre | dīrēxerant | dīrēxerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | dīrigam | dīrigerem | dīrēxerim | dīrēxissem |
| 2nd sg. | dīrigās | dīrigerēs | dīrēxerīs | dīrēxissēs |
| 3rd sg. | dīrigat | dīrigeret | dīrēxerit | dīrēxisset |
| 1st pl. | dīrigāmus | dīrigerēmus | dīrēxerīmus | dīrēxissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | dīrigātis | dīrigerētis | dīrēxerītis | dīrēxissētis |
| 3rd pl. | dīrigant | dīrigerent | dīrēxerint | dīrēxissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | dīrigor | dīrigēbar | dīrigar |
| 2nd sg. | dīrigeris dīrigere | dīrigēbāris dīrigēbāre | dīrigēris dīrigēre |
| 3rd sg. | dīrigitur | dīrigēbātur | dīrigētur |
| 1st pl. | dīrigimur | dīrigēbāmur | dīrigēmur |
| 2nd pl. | dīrigiminī | dīrigēbāminī | dīrigēminī |
| 3rd pl. | dīriguntur | dīrigēbantur | dīrigentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | dīrigar | dīrigerer |
| 2nd sg. | dīrigāris dīrigāre | dīrigerēris dīrigerēre |
| 3rd sg. | dīrigātur | dīrigerētur |
| 1st pl. | dīrigāmur | dīrigerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | dīrigāminī | dīrigerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | dīrigantur | dīrigerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | dīrige | dīrigere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | dīrigite | dīrigiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | dīrigitō | dīrigitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | dīrigitō | dīrigitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | dīrigitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | dīriguntō | dīriguntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | dīrigere | dīrigī |
| perfect infinitive | dīrēxisse | dīrēctum esse |
| future infinitive | dīrēctūrum esse | dīrēctum īrī |
| present participle | dīrigēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | dīrēctus |
| future participle | dīrēctūrus | dīrigendus dīrigundus |
gerunddīrigendī, dīrigendō, dīrigendumsupinedīrēctum, dīrēctū
Lewis & Short A Latin Dictionary, 1879
dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning
I. to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 (perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. dis-rego, to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).
I. Lit.
A. In gen.:
coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga, Sen. Q. N. 1, 10: haec directa materia injecta consternebantur, Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8: crates, id. B. C. 3, 46, 5: naves ante portum, Liv. 37, 31; cf.: naves in pugnam, id. 22, 19: vicos, i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf. castella, Flor. 4, 12, 26: molem recta fronte, Curt. 4, 3 et saep.: regiones lituo, i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.: finem alicui veterem viam regiam, Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.: aciem, to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf. frontem, Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11: membrana plumbo derecta, ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—* b. Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:
elephantum machaeră dirigit, Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—B. In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):
ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana, Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6: aciem ad te, Cat. 63, 56: cursum ad litora, Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in: equum in consulem, Liv. 2, 6: currum in hostem, Ov. M. 12, 78: tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae, Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4: hastam in te, Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.: dentes in inguina, id. ib. 8, 400: cursum in Africam, Vell. 2, 19 fin.: cursum per auras in lucos, Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.: navem eo, Nep. Chabr. 4, 2: gressum huc, Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.: Ilo hastam, Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit: ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur, to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53: iter navis, Ov. F. 1, 4: cursum, Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct: spicula, Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606: hastile, Verg. A. 12, 490: tela, Hor. C. 4, 9, 18: sagittas, Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.—Poet.: vulnera, Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.: vulnera alicui, Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.II. Trop.
A. In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):
materias divisione dirigere, Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.), B. In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).
(a). With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:
orationem ad exempla, id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1: judicium ad ea, id. 6, 5, 2: se ad id quod, etc., id. 12, 3, 8; cf.: se ad ea effingenda, id. 10, 1, 127: praecipua rerum ad famam, Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad): in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem, Cic. Brut. 37, 140: vitam ad certam rationis normam, to conform, id. Mur. 2: leges hominum ad naturam, id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—(b). With in (not so in Cic.):
tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum, Quint. 10, 3, 28: communes locos in vitia, id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—(g). With abl. (only in Cic.):
quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt, Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.: omnia voluptate, id. ib. 2, 22, 71: utilitatem honestate, id. Off. 3, 21, 83: haec normā, id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—(d). Without an object:
(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit, Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —(ε) With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—(ζ) With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus (dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep. A. Lit.:
auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf. aes (tubae), opp. flexum, Ov. M. 1, 98: iter, Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf. trabes, id. ib. 7, 23, 1: ordo (olearum), Cic. Caecin. 8, 22: arcus (opp. obliquus), Ov. M. 2, 129: paries, i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2: praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus, Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3: (Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.: cornu, Caes. B. G. 6, 26.—Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line: in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI., in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so, altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass., Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.: cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum), Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—B. Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:
o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam, Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.: iter ad laudem, id. Cael. 17, 41: vera illa et directa ratio, id. ib. 18: tristis ac directus senex, id. ib. 16, 38; cf.: quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI, id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11: percunctatio et denuntiatio belli, Liv. 21, 19; cf. contiones, Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus): verba, Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15: actio, Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf. institutio (opp. precaria), id. 29, 1, 19: libertates (opp. fideicommissariae), id. 29, 4, 12.—Adv. a. dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):
dicere, Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24: ire, Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq., b. dīrectō, directly, straight:
deorsum ferri, Cic. N. D. 1, 25: transversas trabes, Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2: ad fidem spectare, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —* c. dīrectā:
quo magis ursimus alte directā, press deep down perpendicularly, Lucr. 2, 198.—d. dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:
directius gubernare, Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.—Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv.Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*dwóh₁
- Latindīrigō
Proto-Indo-European *trísinflu. Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is- Proto-Italic *dis- Latin dis- Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *h₃réǵeti Proto-Italic *regō Latin regō Latin dīrigō From dis- + regō. For the meaning development compare with Russian напра́вить (naprávitʹ, “to direct, to turn, to aim, to level, to point”), отпра́вить (otprávitʹ, “to send, to dispatch, to forward”) connected with пра́вить (právitʹ, “to govern, to rule, to drive, to steer”).
Borrowings
- Catalandirigir
- Frenchdiriger
- Romaniandirijafrom French diriger
- Germandirigieren
- Portuguesedirigir
- Romaniandirigui
- Spanishdirigir
- Albaniandërgoj
- Asturiandirixir
- Dutchdirigeren
Balkano-Romance
- Romaniandrege
- Romaniandregere
- Aromanianãndreg
- Aromanianãndregu
- Aromanianndreg
- Aromanianndregu
- Aromanianandreg
- Aromanianandregu
Italo-Romance
- Italiandirigere
- Italiandireggere
- Piedmontesedirigefrom Italian dirigere
- Siciliandirìggirifrom Italian dirigere
- Siciliandirìjiri
Gallo-Romance
- Occitanderdrefrom Old Occitan derdre
- Catalanadergarfrom Old Occitan derdre
- Franco-Provençalderdre
- Gascondérserfrom Old Occitan derdre
Ibero-Romance
- Portugueseadergar
- Portugueseadregar