verbfirst conjugation
dēcertō
dēcertō (present infinitive dēcertāre, perfect active dēcertāvī, supine dēcertātum)
Classical[deːˈkɛr.toː]Ecclesiastical[deˈt͡ʃɛr.to]
Meaning
- to fight (to the finish)
- to contend, dispute or argue
Si iterum experiri velint, se iterum paratum esse decertare; si pace uti velint, iniquum esse de stipendio recusare, quod sua voluntate ad id tempus pependerint.
If they chose to make a second trial, he was ready to encounter them again; but if they chose to enjoy peace, it was unfair to refuse the tribute, which of their own free-will they had paid up to that time.c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 1.44
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
pugnā dēcernōfight it out
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | dēcertō | dēcertābam | dēcertābō | dēcertāvī | dēcertāveram | dēcertāverō dēcertārō |
| 2nd sg. | dēcertās | dēcertābās | dēcertābis | dēcertāvistī dēcertāstī | dēcertāverās dēcertārās | dēcertāveris |
| 3rd sg. | dēcertat | dēcertābat | dēcertābit | dēcertāvit | dēcertāverat dēcertārat | dēcertāverit dēcertārit |
| 1st pl. | dēcertāmus | dēcertābāmus | dēcertābimus | dēcertāvimus | dēcertāverāmus | dēcertāverimus dēcertārimus |
| 2nd pl. | dēcertātis | dēcertābātis | dēcertābitis | dēcertāvistis dēcertāstis | dēcertāverātis dēcertārātis | dēcertāveritis dēcertāritis |
| 3rd pl. | dēcertant | dēcertābant | dēcertābunt | dēcertāvērunt dēcertāvēre, dēcertārunt | dēcertāverant dēcertārant | dēcertāverint dēcertārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | dēcertem | dēcertārem | dēcertāverim dēcertārim | dēcertāvissem dēcertāssem |
| 2nd sg. | dēcertēs | dēcertārēs | dēcertāverīs | dēcertāvissēs dēcertāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | dēcertet | dēcertāret | dēcertāverit dēcertārit | dēcertāvisset dēcertāsset |
| 1st pl. | dēcertēmus | dēcertārēmus | dēcertāverīmus dēcertārīmus | dēcertāvissēmus dēcertāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | dēcertētis | dēcertārētis | dēcertāverītis dēcertārītis | dēcertāvissētis dēcertāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | dēcertent | dēcertārent | dēcertāverint dēcertārint | dēcertāvissent dēcertāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | dēcertor | dēcertābar | dēcertābor |
| 2nd sg. | dēcertāris dēcertāre | dēcertābāris dēcertābāre | dēcertāberis dēcertābere |
| 3rd sg. | dēcertātur | dēcertābātur | dēcertābitur |
| 1st pl. | dēcertāmur | dēcertābāmur | dēcertābimur |
| 2nd pl. | dēcertāminī | dēcertābāminī | dēcertābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | dēcertantur | dēcertābantur | dēcertābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | dēcerter | dēcertārer |
| 2nd sg. | dēcertēris dēcertēre | dēcertārēris dēcertārēre |
| 3rd sg. | dēcertētur | dēcertārētur |
| 1st pl. | dēcertēmur | dēcertārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | dēcertēminī | dēcertārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | dēcertentur | dēcertārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | dēcertā | dēcertāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | dēcertāte | dēcertāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | dēcertātō | dēcertātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | dēcertātō | dēcertātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | dēcertātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | dēcertantō | dēcertantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | dēcertāre | dēcertārī |
| perfect infinitive | dēcertāvisse dēcertāsse | dēcertātum esse |
| future infinitive | dēcertātūrum esse | dēcertātum īrī |
| present participle | dēcertāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | dēcertātus dēcertāta, dēcertātā, dēcertātae, dēcertātam, dēcertātārum, dēcertātās, dēcertātī, dēcertātōrum, dēcertātōs |
| future participle | dēcertātūrus dēcertātūra, dēcertātūrā, dēcertātūrae, dēcertātūram, dēcertātūrārum, dēcertātūrās, dēcertātūre, dēcertātūrī, dēcertātūrīs, dēcertātūrō, dēcertātūrōrum, dēcertātūrōs, dēcertātūrum | dēcertandus dēcertanda, dēcertandā, dēcertandae, dēcertandam, dēcertandārum, dēcertandās, dēcertande, dēcertandīs, dēcertandōrum, dēcertandōs |
gerunddēcertandī, dēcertandō, dēcertandumsupinedēcertātum, dēcertātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- proelio, armis decertare (B. G. 1. 50)
- to fight a decisive battle.
dē-certo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a.
I. , to go through a decisive contest, to fight it out (but certare, to fight, without reference to the result. But the difference was not strictly observed. Thus Caesar uses often —15 times—decertare, but never certare; Sallust only the latter; and Cicero the two indifferently; cf.: decerno, I. B. and no. II. inf.).
I. In the milit. sphere.
(a). With abl.:
proelio decertare, Caes. B. C. 1, 50, 4; so id. ib. 7, 77, 8; id. B. C. 1, 81, 5; 3, 37; 44; cf.: proeliis cum acerrimis nationibus, Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 33: pugnā, Caes. B. G. 3, 23, 7: cum civibus armis, id. B. C. 3, 19; so ferro in ultima, Ov. M. 14, 804: cornu cum mare (aries), id. F. 4, 101: manu, Cic. Off. 1, 23 fin.—(b). Without abl.:
ut (Pompeium) pari condicione belli secum decertare cogeret, Caes. B. C. 3, 78, 3; so cum toto exercitu, Hirt. B. G. 8, 7, 6: iterum paratum esse decertare, Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 9; so absol., id. ib. 2, 10; id. B. C. 2, 6; Tac. H. 2, 33 al.; Vulg. Johan. 18, 36: de salute omnium, Auct. B. Alex. 16, 3.—Pass. impers.: cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est, Cic. Lael. 8 fin.; Auct. B. Alex. 16, 6; Auct. B. Afr. 19 fin.—B. Poet. like certo (v. h. v, no. I. fin.) as v. a., to fill with strife or contention, to fight for, to achieve by fighting, contending:
regna profanis decertata odiis, Stat. Th. 1, 2: ventis decertata aequora, id. ib. 479: decertati labores, Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 21; cf.: Artemisia certamen laudibus ejus dicundis facit ... ad eas laudes decertandas venisse dicuntur viri, Gell. 10, 18, 5.II. Beyond the milit. sphere, to contend: erat non jure, non legibus, non disceptando decertandum;
armis fuit dimicandum, Cic. Planc. 36: decertare contentione dicendi, to contend, to strive, to vie with one, id. Phil. 2, 1, 2; cf.: tanta contentione cum consulibus, id. Fam. 5, 8: and, inter se, id. Fin. 5, 2, 5: cum sint duo genera decertandi, unum per disceptationem, alterum per vim, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34; in the gymnasium, ludicra virginum inter se decertantium, Mela, 1, 7, 4.—* B. Poet. of inanimate subjects: Africus Decertans Aquilonibus, * Hor. Od. 1, 3, 13.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
dē-certō āvī, ātus, āre. — In battle,
to go through a contest, fight out: pari condicione belli secum, Cs.: proelio, fight a decisive battle, Cs.: proeliis cum acerrimis nationibus: vi contra vim: armis pro meā salute: ferro in ultima, O.: manu: de imperio in Italiā.—In gen., to contend, strive, dispute, vie: non disceptando decertandum, armis fuit dimicandum: cum consulibus: Africus Decertans Aquilonibus, H.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*de
- Proto-Indo-European*déh₁
- Proto-Italic*dē
- Latindēcertō
Latin dē- Latin certō Latin dēcertō From dē- + certō.