numeral
decem
decem (indeclinable)
Classical[ˈdɛ.kẽː]Ecclesiastical[ˈdɛː.t͡ʃem]
№ 914 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- indeclinableten; 10
Caesar exposito exercitu et loco castris idoneo capto, ubi ex captivis cognovit quo in loco hostium copiae consedissent, cohortibus decem ad mare relictis et equitibus trecentis, qui praesidio navibus essent […]
Caesar, having disembarked his army and chosen a convenient place for the camp, when he discovered from the prisoners in what part the forces of the enemy had lodged themselves, having left ten cohorts and 300 horse at the sea, to be a guard to the ships, hastens to the enemy […]c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 5.9sic magna fuit censuque virisque perque decem potuit tantum dare sanguinis annos
Thus Troy stood great in wealth and men, and for ten years was able to give freely of her blood.8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 15.422–423
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- puer decem annorum
- a boy ten years old.
- decem annos vixisse
- to be ten years old.
- tum habebam decem annos
- I was ten years old at the time.
- decem milibus aeris damnari
- to be fined 10,000 asses.
dĕcem (DEKEM, Corp. Inscr. Lat. 1, 844 al.—The best MSS. and editt. vacillate often between the word and its sign X),
I. num. [Sanscr. and Zend, daçan, Gr. δέκα, Old H. Germ. zëhan, Germ. zehn, Eng. ten], ten.
I. Prop.:
decem minae, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 57 and 58: hominum milia decem, Caes. B. G. 1, 4; 7, 21: fundi decem et tres, Cic. Rose. Am. 7, 20; cf. id. ib. 35, 99: milia passuum decem novem, Caes. B. G. 1, 8; Tac. H. 2, 58.— B. Decem primi (separated thus in the inscrr.), or in one word, Dĕcemprīmi, ōrum, m., the heads or presidents of the ten decuriae which usually formed the senate in an Italian city or Roman colony (afterwards called decaproti, v. h. v.):
magistratus et decem primi, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 67; id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25; Inscr. Orell. 642 and 1848. Their dignity was termed dĕcem-prīmātus, ūs, m. (also decaprotia, v. h. v.), Dig. 50, 4, 1.—II. Meton., for an indefinite, round number:
si decem habeas linguas, mutum esse addecet, Plaut. Bac. 1, 2, 20; id. Merc. 2, 3, 11; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 25: habebat saepe ducentos, Saepe decem servos, etc., id. S. 1, 3, 12: cf.: decies.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
decem
(often written X), num: minae, ten, T.: hominum milia, Cs.: anni: decem novem, Cs.: decem et octo, Cs.: de tribus et decem fundis: decem primi, the presidents of a colonial senate.— As a round number: vitia, i. e. a dozen, H.
decem prīmī ōrum, m
the heads of the ten decuriae forming the senate in a colony or municipal town.
decem virī or decemvirī (xvirī) ūm or (in L.) ōrum, m
I. I. Plur, a commission of ten men, college of ten magistrates, decemviri, decemvirs.—
1. 1. The composers of the Twelve Tables (chosen B.C. 451): ut xviri maximā potestate sine provocatione crearentur.—
2. 2. A tribunal for deciding causes involving liberty or citizenship, called decem viri stlitibus iudicandis.—
3. 3. A commission for distributing public lands: legibus agrariis curatores constituti sunt ... xviri: decemviros agro Samniti creare, L.—
4. 4. A college of priests in charge of the Sibylline books: decemviri sacrorum, L.: sacris faciundis, L.—
II. II. Sing: decemvir or xvir, a member of a decemviral college: ut is xvir sit: Iulius decemvir, L.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *dekem, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Cognates include Sanskrit दश (daśa), Ancient Greek δέκα (déka), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 (taihun) and Old English tīen (English ten).
Southern Gallo-Romance
- Catalandeu
- Occitandètz
- Occitandetz
- Occitandietz
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italiandiece
- Italiandieci
- Galluresedecifrom Corsican dece
- Sassaresedezifrom Corsican dece
- Dalmatiandic
- Istriotgise
- Istriotgize
- Neapolitandiece
- Siciliandeci
- Venetandiéxe
Insular Romance
- Sardiniandeghe
- Sardiniandeche
Balkano-Romance
- Romanianzece
- Aromaniandzatsi
- Aromaniandzatse
- Aromanianzatsi
- Aromanianzatse
- Megleno-Romanianzeți
- Megleno-Romanianzătsi
- Istro-Romanianzeţe
Northern Gallo-Romance
- Frenchdixfrom Old French dis
- Franco-Provençaldiéx
- Normandgixfrom Old French dis
- Normandixfrom Old French dis
- Normandyisfrom Old French dis
- Walloondijhfrom Old French dis
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesedezfrom Old Galician-Portuguese dez
- Aragonesediez
- Aragonesedeu
- Asturiandiez
- Mirandesedieç
- Faladezfrom Old Galician-Portuguese dez
- Galiciandezfrom Old Galician-Portuguese dez
- Macanesedezfrom Old Galician-Portuguese dez
- Old Spanishdiez
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friuliandîs
- Ladindiesc
- Romanshdiesch
- Romanshdesch
Gallo-Italic
- Emiliandîṡ
- Lombarddex
- Piedmontesedes