verbthird (-iō variant) conjugation
circumfodiō
circumfodiō (present infinitive circumfodere, perfect active circumfōdī, supine circumfossum)
Classical[kɪr.kũːˈfɔ.di.oː]Ecclesiastical[t͡ʃir.kumˈfɔː.di.o]
Meaning
- to dig around or about
Amat putari atque circumfodi et parco umore inter siccitates saepe refoveri.
It likes to be pruned and dug, and to be often refreshed with a little water in dry seasons.c. 400 CE, Palladius, Opus agriculturae 4.10.19
Conjugation
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumfodiō | circumfodiēbam | circumfodiam | circumfōdī | circumfōderam | circumfōderō |
| 2nd sg. | circumfodis | circumfodiēbās | circumfodiēs | circumfōdistī | circumfōderās | circumfōderis |
| 3rd sg. | circumfodit | circumfodiēbat | circumfodiet | circumfōdit | circumfōderat | circumfōderit |
| 1st pl. | circumfodimus | circumfodiēbāmus | circumfodiēmus | circumfōdimus | circumfōderāmus | circumfōderimus |
| 2nd pl. | circumfoditis | circumfodiēbātis | circumfodiētis | circumfōdistis | circumfōderātis | circumfōderitis |
| 3rd pl. | circumfodiunt | circumfodiēbant | circumfodient | circumfōdērunt circumfōdēre | circumfōderant | circumfōderint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumfodiam | circumfoderem | circumfōderim | circumfōdissem |
| 2nd sg. | circumfodiās | circumfoderēs | circumfōderīs | circumfōdissēs |
| 3rd sg. | circumfodiat | circumfoderet | circumfōderit | circumfōdisset |
| 1st pl. | circumfodiāmus | circumfoderēmus | circumfōderīmus | circumfōdissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | circumfodiātis | circumfoderētis | circumfōderītis | circumfōdissētis |
| 3rd pl. | circumfodiant | circumfoderent | circumfōderint | circumfōdissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumfodior | circumfodiēbar | circumfodiar |
| 2nd sg. | circumfoderis circumfodere | circumfodiēbāris circumfodiēbāre | circumfodiēris circumfodiēre |
| 3rd sg. | circumfoditur | circumfodiēbātur | circumfodiētur |
| 1st pl. | circumfodimur | circumfodiēbāmur | circumfodiēmur |
| 2nd pl. | circumfodiminī | circumfodiēbāminī | circumfodiēminī |
| 3rd pl. | circumfodiuntur | circumfodiēbantur | circumfodientur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumfodiar | circumfoderer |
| 2nd sg. | circumfodiāris circumfodiāre | circumfoderēris circumfoderēre |
| 3rd sg. | circumfodiātur | circumfoderētur |
| 1st pl. | circumfodiāmur | circumfoderēmur |
| 2nd pl. | circumfodiāminī | circumfoderēminī |
| 3rd pl. | circumfodiantur | circumfoderentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | circumfode | circumfodere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | circumfodite | circumfodiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | circumfoditō | circumfoditor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | circumfoditō | circumfoditor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | circumfoditōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | circumfodiuntō | circumfodiuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | circumfodere | circumfodī |
| perfect infinitive | circumfōdisse | circumfossum esse |
| future infinitive | circumfossūrum esse | circumfossum īrī |
| present participle | circumfodiēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | circumfossus circumfossa, circumfossā, circumfossae, circumfossam, circumfossārum, circumfossās, circumfosse, circumfossī, circumfossīs, circumfossō, circumfossōrum, circumfossōs |
| future participle | circumfossūrus circumfossūra, circumfossūrā, circumfossūrae, circumfossūram, circumfossūrārum, circumfossūrās, circumfossūre, circumfossūrī, circumfossūrīs, circumfossūrō, circumfossūrōrum, circumfossūrōs, circumfossūrum | circumfodiendus circumfodiundus, circumfodienda, circumfodiendā, circumfodiendae, circumfodiendam, circumfodiendārum, circumfodiendās, circumfodiende, circumfodiendīs, circumfodiendōrum, circumfodiendōs |
gerundcircumfodiendī, circumfodiendō, circumfodiendumsupinecircumfossum, circumfossū
circum-fŏdĭo, no
I. perf., fossum, ĕre (inf. pass.:
circumfodiri, Col. 5, 9, 12; cf. fodio), v. n. and a., to dig around something, dig about (agricultural t. t.). (a). Neutr., Cato, R. R. 161. 4.—
(b). Act.:
truncum, Col. 5, 6, 17: platanos, Sen. Ep 12, 2: arbores, Plin. 17, 26, 39, § 248: plantas, Pall. Febr. 20, 2.—Inf. pass.: circumfodi, Pall. Mart. 10, 19.—Part. perf. pass.: circumfosso stipite, Plin. 17, 27, 43, § 252.Origins
Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der. Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor. Latin circus Latin circum Latin circum- Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂-der. Proto-Indo-European *bʰódʰh₂ey Proto-Italic *foðjō Latin fodiō Latin circumfodiō From circum- + fodiō (“to dig, bury”).
Descendants
- Frenchcerfoïr
- Frenchserfouirfrom French cerfoïr
- Normancherfoui'from French cerfoïr