verbfirst conjugation, irregular short ă in most forms
circumdō
circumdō (present infinitive circumdare, perfect active circumdedī, supine circumdatum)
Classical[kɪrˈkʊn.doː]Ecclesiastical[t͡ʃirˈkum.do]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to surround, enclose, encircle
Itaque rīdeō istōs quī turpe exīstimant cum servō suō cēnāre: quārē, nisi quia superbissima cōnsuētūdō cēnantī dominō stantium servōrum turbam circumdedit.
And so I laugh at those who think it’s beneath them to dine with their own slaves. Why? Only because arrogant custom has surrounded the dining master with a crowd of standing slaves.c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 47.2
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
circum locum pōnō; vāllum castra circumdat.circumdō -are — in Mille Verba, Bellum et Arma
in orbem pōnō, cingōcircumdō -are — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 9 and Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 19
surrounds
circumdat — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 6
Conjugation conjugation 1 irregular
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumdō | circumdabam | circumdabō | circumdedī | circumdederam | circumdederō |
| 2nd sg. | circumdās | circumdabās | circumdabis | circumdedistī | circumdederās | circumdederis |
| 3rd sg. | circumdat | circumdabat | circumdabit | circumdedit | circumdederat | circumdederit |
| 1st pl. | circumdamus | circumdabāmus | circumdabimus | circumdedimus | circumdederāmus | circumdederimus |
| 2nd pl. | circumdatis | circumdabātis | circumdabitis | circumdedistis | circumdederātis | circumdederitis |
| 3rd pl. | circumdant | circumdabant | circumdabunt | circumdedērunt circumdedēre | circumdederant | circumdederint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumdem | circumdarem | circumdederim | circumdedissem |
| 2nd sg. | circumdēs | circumdarēs | circumdederīs | circumdedissēs |
| 3rd sg. | circumdet | circumdaret | circumdederit | circumdedisset |
| 1st pl. | circumdēmus | circumdarēmus | circumdederīmus | circumdedissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | circumdētis | circumdarētis | circumdederītis | circumdedissētis |
| 3rd pl. | circumdent | circumdarent | circumdederint | circumdedissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumdor | circumdabar | circumdabor |
| 2nd sg. | circumdaris circumdare | circumdabāris circumdabāre | circumdaberis circumdabere |
| 3rd sg. | circumdatur | circumdabātur | circumdabitur |
| 1st pl. | circumdamur | circumdabāmur | circumdabimur |
| 2nd pl. | circumdaminī | circumdabāminī | circumdabiminī |
| 3rd pl. | circumdantur | circumdabantur | circumdabuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumder | circumdarer |
| 2nd sg. | circumdēris circumdēre | circumdarēris circumdarēre |
| 3rd sg. | circumdētur | circumdarētur |
| 1st pl. | circumdēmur | circumdarēmur |
| 2nd pl. | circumdēminī | circumdarēminī |
| 3rd pl. | circumdentur | circumdarentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | circumdā | circumdare |
| pres. 2nd pl. | circumdate | circumdaminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | circumdatō | circumdator |
| fut. 3rd sg. | circumdatō | circumdator |
| fut. 2nd pl. | circumdatōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | circumdantō | circumdantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | circumdare | circumdarī |
| perfect infinitive | circumdedisse | circumdatum esse |
| future infinitive | circumdatūrum esse | circumdatum īrī |
| present participle | circumdāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | circumdatus circumdata, circumdatā, circumdatae, circumdatam, circumdatārum, circumdatās, circumdatī, circumdatōrum, circumdatōs |
| future participle | circumdatūrus | circumdandus |
gerundcircumdandī, circumdandō, circumdandumsupinecircumdatum, circumdatū
circum-do, dĕdi, dătum, dăre, v. a., lit.
I. to put, set, or place around, i. e. both to wrap around (e. g. a mantle). and also to enclose (e. g. a town with a wall; syn.: cingo, vestio, saepio, circumvallo al.), with a twofold construction (cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 418).
I. Aliquid (alicui rei), to place something around something, to put, set around, etc. (class. in prose and poetry).
(a). With dat.:
aër omnibus est rebus circumdatus appositusque, Lucr. 6, 1035: moenibus subjectos prope jam ignes circumdatosque restinximus, Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 2: circumdare fossam latam cubiculari lecto, id. Tusc. 5, 20, 59: satellites armatos contioni, Liv. 34, 27, 5: hinc patre hinc Catulo lateri circumdatis, Romam rediit, i. e. one on each side, id. 30, 19, 9; 3, 28, 2: milites sibi, Tac. A. 13, 25: arma umeris, Verg. A. 2, 510: licia tibi, id. E. 8, 74: vincula collo, Ov. M. 1, 631: bracchia collo, id. ib. 9, 459; 9, 605; 6, 479; and in tmesis: collo dare bracchia circum, Verg. A. 6, 700 (cf. the simplex: bracchia cervici dare, Hor. C. 3, 9, 3): lectis aulaea purpura, Curt. 9, 7, 15: cum maxime in hostiam itineri nostro circumdatam intuens, i. e. divided, and part placed on each side of the way, Liv. 40, 13, 4.—(b). Without a dat.:
caedere januam saxis, ligna et sarmenta circumdare ignemque subicere coeperunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69; 2, 1, 31, § 80: ignes, id. Pis. 38, 93: custodias, id. Cat. 4, 4, 8: armata circumdatur Romana legio, Liv. 1, 28, 3: exercitu circumdato summā vi Cirtam irrumpere nititur, Sall. J. 25, 9: circumdatae stationes, Tac. A. 1, 50: murus circumdatus, Caes. B. G. 1, 38: turris toto opere circumdedit, id. ib. 7, 72: circumdato vallo, Curt. 3, 2, 2: lauream (sc. capiti), Suet. Vit. 9.—Subst.: circumdăti, ōrum, m., those around, the surrounding soldiers: circumdatos Antonius adloquitur, Tac. H. 3, 63.—With an abl. loci: toto oppido munitiones, Hirt. B. G. 8, 34 fin.: equites cornibus, Liv. 33, 18, 9; and without dat., Tac. A. 14, 53.—With two accs.: circumdare terram radices, Cato, R. R. 114; and per tmesin, id. ib. 157.—B. Trop. (most freq. in Tac.):
cancelli, quos mihi ipse circumdedi, Cic. Quint. 10, 36: nescio an majora vincula majoresque necessitates vobis quam captivis vestris fortuna circumdederit, Liv. 21, 43, 3: egregiam famam paci circumdedit, i. e. conferred, imparted, Tac. Agr. 20; cf.: principatus inanem ei famam, id. H. 4, 11; id. Or. 37: principi ministeria, id. H. 2, 59; id. A. 14, 15.—In a Greek construction: infula virgineos circumdata comptus, encompassing, Lucr. 1, 88; Tac. H. 4, 45; id. A. 16, 25.—II. Aliquem or aliquid (aliquā re), to surround some person or thing (with something), to encompass, enclose, encircle with.
A. Lit.
1. In gen.:
animum (deus) circumdedit corpore et vestivit extrinsecus, Cic. Univ. 6 fin.; cf.: aether corpore concreto circumdatus undique, Lucr. 5, 469: portum moenibus, Nep. Them. 6, 1: regio insulis circumdata, Cic. Fl. 12, 27: villam statione, Tac. A. 14, 8: suam domum spatio, id. G. 16: collis operibus, id. A. 6, 41: vallo castra, id. H. 4, 57: Othonem vexillis, id. ib. 1, 36: canibus saltus, Verg. E. 10, 57: circumdato me bracchiis: meum collum circumplecte, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 106: collum filo, Cat. 64, 377: (aurum) circumdatum argento, Cic. Div. 2, 65, 134: furvis circumdatus alis Somnus, * Tib. 2, 1, 89: ad talos stola demissa et circumdata palla, Hor. S. 1, 2, 99: circumdedit se zonā, Suet. Vit. 16: circumdata corpus amictu, Ov. M. 4, 313; cf. id. ib. 3, 666: tempora vittis, id. ib. 13, 643: Sidoniam picto chlamydem circumdata limbo, Verg. A. 4, 137.—2. Esp. of a hostile surrounding, to surround, encompass, invest, besiege, etc.:
oppidum vallo et fossā, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 10: oppidum quinis castris, Caes. B. C. 3, 9: cum legati ... multitudine domum ejus circumdedissent, Nep. Hann. 12, 4: vallo atque fossā moenia circumdat, Sall. J. 23, 1: oppidum coronā, Liv. 4, 47, 5: quos (hostes) primo Camillus vallo circumdare est adortus, id. 6, 8, 9: fossā valloque urbem, id. 25, 22, 8: fossā duplicique vallo circumdatā urbe, id. 28, 3, 5: hostes exercitu toto, Curt. 3, 8, 4. —B. Trop.:
omni autem totam figuram mundi levitate circumdedit, Cic. Univ. 6 init.: exiguis quibusdam finibus oratoris munus circumdedisti, have confined, circumscribed, id. de Or. 1, 62, 264; cf.: minus octoginta annis circumdatum aevum, Vell. 1, 17, 2: pueritiam robore, Tac. A. 12, 25: fraude, Sil. 7, 134; cf. id. 12, 477: monstrorum novitate, Quint. Decl. 18, 1.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
circum-dō dedī, datus, are,
to place around, cause to surround, set around: moenibus ignes circumdatosque restinximus: exercitum hostium castris, L.: lectis aulaea purpura, Cu.: collo dare bracchia circum, V.: obsessum te dicis, sarmenta circumdata: custodias: armata circumdatur R. legio, L.: exercitu circumdato, S.: turrīs toto opere circumdedit, Cs.: cancelli, quos mihi ipse circumdedi: maiora vincula vobis quam captivis, L.: egregiam famam paci circumdedit, i. e. conferred, Ta.—To surround, encompass, enclose, encircle: portum moenibus, N.: regio insulis circumdata: canibus saltūs, V.: domum spatio, Ta.: (aurum) circumdatum argento: stola circumdata pallā, H.: circumdata corpus amictu, O.: chlamydem circumdata limbo, V.—Esp., in war, to surround, encompass, invest, besiege: castris oppidum, Cs.: vallo atque fossā moenia, S.: oppidum coronā, L.: exiguis finibus oratoris munus, have circumscribed.
Origins
Possibly from circum- (“around”) + -dō/-dere (“put”) subsequently remodelled to circum- + dō/dare (“give”).
Descendants
- Catalancircumdar
- Italiancircondare
- Portuguesecircundar
- Spanishcircundar
- Friuliancircundâ
- Galiciancircundar