verbfirst conjugation
castrō
castrō (present infinitive castrāre, perfect active castrāvī, supine castrātum)
Classical[ˈkas.troː]Ecclesiastical[ˈkas.tro]
Meaning
- to prune
- to amputate
- to punish
- to purge
- to castrate or spay
Late 8th century, unknown author, Lex Frisionum
The person who breaks into a temple and takes away some of its holy contents shall be taken to the sea, to that part of the sand that is covered during flood, where his ears shall be torn and he shall be castrated and be sacrificed to the gods whose temple he violated. - to dock (a tail)
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | castrō | castrābam | castrābō | castrāvī | castrāveram | castrāverō castrārō |
| 2nd sg. | castrās | castrābās | castrābis | castrāvistī castrāstī | castrāverās castrārās | castrāveris |
| 3rd sg. | castrat | castrābat | castrābit | castrāvit | castrāverat castrārat | castrāverit castrārit |
| 1st pl. | castrāmus | castrābāmus | castrābimus | castrāvimus | castrāverāmus | castrāverimus castrārimus |
| 2nd pl. | castrātis | castrābātis | castrābitis | castrāvistis castrāstis | castrāverātis castrārātis | castrāveritis castrāritis |
| 3rd pl. | castrant | castrābant | castrābunt | castrāvērunt castrāvēre, castrārunt | castrāverant castrārant | castrāverint castrārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | castrem | castrārem | castrāverim castrārim | castrāvissem castrāssem |
| 2nd sg. | castrēs | castrārēs | castrāverīs | castrāvissēs castrāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | castret | castrāret | castrāverit castrārit | castrāvisset castrāsset |
| 1st pl. | castrēmus | castrārēmus | castrāverīmus castrārīmus | castrāvissēmus castrāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | castrētis | castrārētis | castrāverītis castrārītis | castrāvissētis castrāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | castrent | castrārent | castrāverint castrārint | castrāvissent castrāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | castror | castrābar | castrābor |
| 2nd sg. | castrāris castrāre | castrābāris castrābāre | castrāberis castrābere |
| 3rd sg. | castrātur | castrābātur | castrābitur |
| 1st pl. | castrāmur | castrābāmur | castrābimur |
| 2nd pl. | castrāminī | castrābāminī | castrābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | castrantur | castrābantur | castrābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | castrer | castrārer |
| 2nd sg. | castrēris castrēre | castrārēris castrārēre |
| 3rd sg. | castrētur | castrārētur |
| 1st pl. | castrēmur | castrārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | castrēminī | castrārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | castrentur | castrārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | castrā | castrāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | castrāte | castrāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | castrātō | castrātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | castrātō | castrātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | castrātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | castrantō | castrantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | castrāre | castrārī |
| perfect infinitive | castrāvisse castrāsse | castrātum esse |
| future infinitive | castrātūrum esse | castrātum īrī |
| present participle | castrāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | castrātus |
| future participle | castrātūrus castrātūra, castrātūrā, castrātūrae, castrātūram, castrātūrārum, castrātūrās, castrātūre, castrātūrī, castrātūrīs, castrātūrō, castrātūrōrum, castrātūrōs, castrātūrum | castrandus castranda, castrandā, castrandae, castrandam, castrandārum, castrandās, castrande, castrandīs, castrandōrum, castrandōs |
gerundcastrandī, castrandō, castrandumsupinecastrātum, castrātū
castro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. Sanscr. çastra, knife, sword.
I. To deprive of generative power (both of male and female), to emasculate, castrate, geld:
hircum, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 1 and 4: agnum, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18: gallos, id. ib. 3, 9, 3; Curt. 6, 3, 12; Val. Max. 6, 1, 13; Suet. Dom. 7: sues, Plin. 8, 51, 77, § 208; 10, 21, 25, § 50; 11, 51, 112, § 261 al.—2. Transf. to plants, to prune, lop, trim, Cato, R. R. 33, 2; Plin. 17, 20, 33, § 144; 24, 8, 33, § 49.—
B. Trop.: vina saccis, to pass through a sack or bag, to filter, Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 53; cf. id. 14, 22, 28, § 138 sq.:
siligo castrata, i. e. cleaned, id. 18, 9, 20, § 86: semen, id. 15, 14, 15, § 51.—II. In gen., to shorten, cut off, curtail:
caudas catulorum, Col. 7, 12, 14; cf. Plin. 8, 41, 63, § 153: alvos apum, to take up, to take out the honey, Col. 9, 15, 4; 9, 15, 11; cf.: castrare alvearia, Pall. 7, 7.—B. Trop., to enervate, debilitate: castrata res publica morte Africani, weakened (a vulgar figure, acc. to Cic. de Or. 3, 41, 164; Quint. 8, 6, 15):
nisi illum (Maecenatem) enervasset felicitas, immo castrasset, Sen. Ep. 19, 9: libellos, to remove obscenity, to expurgate, Mart. 1, 35, 14: vires, to diminish, Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 60: avaritiam, to check, restrain, Claud. Eutr. 1, 192.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
castrō āvī, ātus, āre,
to emasculate, Iu., Cu.— Fig., to enervate: rem p. (censured as low by C.).
Origins
From Proto-Italic *kastrāō, denominative in -ō perhaps from a lost instrumental noun, Proto-Italic *kastrom (“knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱstróm (“cutting tool, knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut up, to slaughter”); compare Sanskrit शस्त्र (śastra, “sword, dagger”). See also castrum, careō.
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesecrastar
- Portuguesecrestar
- Portuguesecastrar
- Spanishcastrar
- Spanishcrestar
Occitano-Romance
- Catalancastrar
- Catalancrestar
- Occitancrestarfrom Old Occitan castrar
- Occitancastrarfrom Old Occitan castrar
Borrowings
- Englishcastrate
- Frenchcastrer
- Germankastrieren
- Romaniancastra
Balkan Romance
- Romaniancresta
Italo-Romance
- Italiancastrare
- Alatricrastarefrom Italian castrare
- Neapolitancrastare
- Siciliancastrari
Insular Romance
- Sardiniancrastare
Gallo-Romance
- Frenchchâtrerfrom Old French chastrer
- Franco-Provençalchâtrar
- Franco-Provençalshôtrô
- Franco-Provençaltsathrâ
North Italian
- Friuliancjastrâ
- Liguriancrastâ
- Lombardcrestà
- Piedmontesecastré
- Romanshchastrer
- Venetancastrar