verbfirst conjugation
asperō
asperō (present infinitive asperāre, perfect active asperāvī, supine asperātum)
Classical[ˈas.pɛ.roː]Ecclesiastical[ˈas.pe.ro]
Meaning
- to make rough or uneven, roughen
- to make sharp, sharpen, whet
- to make fierce, rouse up, excite, enrage, exasperate
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | asperō | asperābam | asperābō | asperāvī | asperāveram | asperāverō asperārō |
| 2nd sg. | asperās | asperābās | asperābis | asperāvistī asperāstī | asperāverās asperārās | asperāveris |
| 3rd sg. | asperat | asperābat | asperābit | asperāvit | asperāverat asperārat | asperāverit asperārit |
| 1st pl. | asperāmus | asperābāmus | asperābimus | asperāvimus | asperāverāmus | asperāverimus asperārimus |
| 2nd pl. | asperātis | asperābātis | asperābitis | asperāvistis asperāstis | asperāverātis asperārātis | asperāveritis asperāritis |
| 3rd pl. | asperant | asperābant | asperābunt | asperāvērunt asperāvēre, asperārunt | asperāverant asperārant | asperāverint asperārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | asperem | asperārem | asperāverim asperārim | asperāvissem asperāssem |
| 2nd sg. | asperēs | asperārēs | asperāverīs | asperāvissēs asperāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | asperet | asperāret | asperāverit asperārit | asperāvisset asperāsset |
| 1st pl. | asperēmus | asperārēmus | asperāverīmus asperārīmus | asperāvissēmus asperāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | asperētis | asperārētis | asperāverītis asperārītis | asperāvissētis asperāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | asperent | asperārent | asperāverint asperārint | asperāvissent asperāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | asperor | asperābar | asperābor |
| 2nd sg. | asperāris asperāre | asperābāris asperābāre | asperāberis asperābere |
| 3rd sg. | asperātur | asperābātur | asperābitur |
| 1st pl. | asperāmur | asperābāmur | asperābimur |
| 2nd pl. | asperāminī | asperābāminī | asperābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | asperantur | asperābantur | asperābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | asperer | asperārer |
| 2nd sg. | asperēris asperēre | asperārēris asperārēre |
| 3rd sg. | asperētur | asperārētur |
| 1st pl. | asperēmur | asperārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | asperēminī | asperārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | asperentur | asperārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | asperā | asperāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | asperāte | asperāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | asperātō | asperātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | asperātō | asperātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | asperātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | asperantō | asperantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | asperāre | asperārī |
| perfect infinitive | asperāvisse asperāsse | asperātum esse |
| future infinitive | asperātūrum esse | asperātum īrī |
| present participle | asperāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | asperātus asperāta, asperātā, asperātae, asperātam, asperātārum, asperātās, asperātī, asperātōrum, asperātōs |
| future participle | asperātūrus asperātūra, asperātūrā, asperātūrae, asperātūram, asperātūrārum, asperātūrās, asperātūre, asperātūrī, asperātūrīs, asperātūrō, asperātūrōrum, asperātūrōs, asperātūrum | asperandus asperanda, asperandā, asperandae, asperandam, asperandārum, asperandās, asperande, asperandīs, asperandōrum, asperandōs |
gerundasperandī, asperandō, asperandumsupineasperātum, asperātū
aspĕro (aspro, Sid. Ep. 4, 8; id. Carm. 2, 418), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. asper,
I. to make rough, uneven.
I. A.. Lit. (very freq. in the poets and Tac., but not found in Cic.):
asserculi asperantur, ne sint advolantibus lubrici, Col. 8, 3, 6: tum enim (apes) propter laborem asperantur ac macescunt, become rough, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20: cum torpent apes, nec caloribus asperantur, Pall. 7, 7, 2: (vinum myrtites) limum dysentericae passionis medicabiliter asperare, i. e. excrementa solidiora reddere, id. 3, 31, 2: Et glacialis hiemps aquilonibus asperat undas, throws into commotion, Verg. A. 3, 285; so Luc. 8, 195; Val. Fl. 2, 435: Minervae pectus asperare hydris, Prud. περὶ στεφ. 14, 275.—B. Transf., to furnish with a rough, wounding exterior (cf. 1. asper, I.):
sagittas inopiā ferri ossibus asperant, to point, Tac. G. 46.—Hence, also, to whet, to sharpen: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit, Tac. A. 15, 54: abruptaque saxa asperat, Luc. 6, 801 (cf. id. 7, 139: nisi cautibus asper Exarsit mucro, and exaspero).—II. Trop., to make fierce, to rouse up, excite, exasperate:
indomitos praeceps discordia fratres asperat, Stat. Th. 1, 137: hunc quoque asperavere carmina in saevitiam, Tac. A. 1, 72 fin.; 3, 12: ubi asperatum Vitellium satis patuit iis, qui etc., id. H. 3, 38: ne lenire neve asperare crimina videretur, to make more severe, to aggravate, heighten, id. A. 2, 29: iram victoris, id. H. 2, 48.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
asperō āvī, ātus, āre
asper, to make rough: aquilonibus undas, V.: sagittas ossibus, point, Ta.: pugionem saxo, to whet, Ta.—Fig., to excite, exasperate: hunc in saevitiam, Ta.: iram, Ta.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin asperō From asper (“rough”) + -ō.
Descendants
- Englishasperate