verbfirst conjugation
appugnō
appugnō (present infinitive appugnāre, perfect active appugnāvī, supine appugnātum)
Classical[apˈpʊŋ.noː]Ecclesiastical[apˈpuɲ.ɲo]
Meaning
- to fight against, attack, assault
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | appugnō | appugnābam | appugnābō | appugnāvī | appugnāveram | appugnāverō appugnārō |
| 2nd sg. | appugnās | appugnābās | appugnābis | appugnāvistī appugnāstī | appugnāverās appugnārās | appugnāveris |
| 3rd sg. | appugnat | appugnābat | appugnābit | appugnāvit | appugnāverat appugnārat | appugnāverit appugnārit |
| 1st pl. | appugnāmus | appugnābāmus | appugnābimus | appugnāvimus | appugnāverāmus | appugnāverimus appugnārimus |
| 2nd pl. | appugnātis | appugnābātis | appugnābitis | appugnāvistis appugnāstis | appugnāverātis appugnārātis | appugnāveritis appugnāritis |
| 3rd pl. | appugnant | appugnābant | appugnābunt | appugnāvērunt appugnāvēre, appugnārunt | appugnāverant appugnārant | appugnāverint appugnārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | appugnem | appugnārem | appugnāverim appugnārim | appugnāvissem appugnāssem |
| 2nd sg. | appugnēs | appugnārēs | appugnāverīs | appugnāvissēs appugnāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | appugnet | appugnāret | appugnāverit appugnārit | appugnāvisset appugnāsset |
| 1st pl. | appugnēmus | appugnārēmus | appugnāverīmus appugnārīmus | appugnāvissēmus appugnāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | appugnētis | appugnārētis | appugnāverītis appugnārītis | appugnāvissētis appugnāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | appugnent | appugnārent | appugnāverint appugnārint | appugnāvissent appugnāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | appugnor | appugnābar | appugnābor |
| 2nd sg. | appugnāris appugnāre | appugnābāris appugnābāre | appugnāberis appugnābere |
| 3rd sg. | appugnātur | appugnābātur | appugnābitur |
| 1st pl. | appugnāmur | appugnābāmur | appugnābimur |
| 2nd pl. | appugnāminī | appugnābāminī | appugnābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | appugnantur | appugnābantur | appugnābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | appugner | appugnārer |
| 2nd sg. | appugnēris appugnēre | appugnārēris appugnārēre |
| 3rd sg. | appugnētur | appugnārētur |
| 1st pl. | appugnēmur | appugnārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | appugnēminī | appugnārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | appugnentur | appugnārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | appugnā | appugnāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | appugnāte | appugnāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | appugnātō | appugnātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | appugnātō | appugnātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | appugnātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | appugnantō | appugnantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | appugnāre | appugnārī |
| perfect infinitive | appugnāvisse appugnāsse | appugnātum esse |
| future infinitive | appugnātūrum esse | appugnātum īrī |
| present participle | appugnāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | appugnātus appugnāta, appugnātā, appugnātae, appugnātam, appugnātārum, appugnātās, appugnātī, appugnātōrum, appugnātōs |
| future participle | appugnātūrus appugnātūra, appugnātūrā, appugnātūrae, appugnātūram, appugnātūrārum, appugnātūrās, appugnātūre, appugnātūrī, appugnātūrīs, appugnātūrō, appugnātūrōrum, appugnātūrōs, appugnātūrum | appugnandus appugnanda, appugnandā, appugnandae, appugnandam, appugnandārum, appugnandās, appugnande, appugnandīs, appugnandōrum, appugnandōs |
gerundappugnandī, appugnandō, appugnandumsupineappugnātum, appugnātū
ap-pugno (adp-, Halm), āre, v. a.,
I. to fight against, attack, assault (only in Tac. in the three foll. exs.):
castra adpugnare, Tac. A. 4, 48: castellum, id. ib. 15, 13: classem, id. ib. 2, 81.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
appūgnō (ad-p-) avī, —, āre,
to fight against, attack, assault: castra, Ta.: classem, Ta.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂éd
- Proto-Italic*ad
- Proto-Italic*ad-
- Latinappugnō
Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der. Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos Proto-Italic *pugnos Latin pugnus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin pugnō Latin appugnō From ad- + pugnō (“fight”).