adjectivefirst/second-declension adjective
aliēnus
aliēnus (feminine aliēna, neuter aliēnum, comparative aliēnior, superlative aliēnissimus)
Classical[a.liˈeː.nʊs]Ecclesiastical[a.liˈɛː.nus]
№ 367 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- adjectiveOf that which belongs to another person, place, or object—of another, alien, foreign
Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.
I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 1quod alienis cladibus ceciderant animi
Because their spirit had been decayed by the defeats of the others27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita I.11 - adjectiveunfriendly, inimical, hostile, suspicious
- adjectiveunfamiliar with something or a stranger to something
- adjectiveunsuitable, incongruous, inconsistent, strange
primaque pars huius thalamis aliena reperta est
And the first part of this [month of June] was discovered to be unsuitable for weddings.8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 6.219 - adjectivedead; corrupted; paralyzed
- adjectiveinsane, mad
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
quod alterīus est, nōn tuum.aliēnus -a -um — in Mille Verba, ch. Lūdī Puerōrum
nōn suī locī, externusaliēnus -a -um — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 5
alterīus, nōn meusaliēnus -a -um — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 5
another's, not mine
aliēnus — in Seneca, ch. I
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | aliēnus | aliēna | aliēnum |
| genitive | aliēnī | aliēnae | aliēnī |
| dative | aliēnō | aliēnae | aliēnō |
| accusative | aliēnum | aliēnam | aliēnum |
| ablative | aliēnō | aliēnā | aliēnō |
| vocative | aliēne | aliēna | aliēnum |
| locative | aliēnī | aliēnae | aliēnī |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | aliēnī | aliēnae | aliēna |
| genitive | aliēnōrum | aliēnārum | aliēnōrum |
| dative | aliēnīs | aliēnīs | aliēnīs |
| accusative | aliēnōs | aliēnās | aliēna |
| ablative | aliēnīs | aliēnīs | aliēnīs |
| vocative | aliēnī | aliēnae | aliēna |
| locative | aliēnīs | aliēnīs | aliēnīs |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- aes alienum habere
- to be in debt.
- in aere alieno esse
- to be in debt.
- ex aere alieno exire
- to get out of debt.
- aere alieno liberari
- to get out of debt.
- incidere in aes alienum
- to get into debt.
- aere alieno oppressum esse
- to have pressing debts.
- aes alienum dissolvere, exsolvere
- to pay one's debts.
- aere alieno obrutum, demersum esse
- to be deeply in debt.
4 more phrases
- aes alienum (always in sing.) facere, contrahere
- to incur debts.
- grande, magnum (opp. exiguum) aes alienum conflare
- to incur debts on a large scale.
- aliquid alienum (a) dignitate sua or merely a se ducere
- to consider a thing beneath one's dignity.
- aliquid a consuetudine sermonis latini abhorret, alienum est
- the expression is not in accordance with Latin usage.
ălĭēnus, a, um 2. alius.
I. Adj.
A. In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum (the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:
in aedīs inruit Alienas, id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125: alienae partes anni, Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149: pecuniis alienis locupletari, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137: cura rerum alienarum, id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83: alienos mores ad suos referre, Nep. Epam. 1, 1: in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni, Cic. Sest. 20: semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est, Sall. C. 7, 2: amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare, id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.: aliena mulier, another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37: mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta, of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46: virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt, id. 35, 43: alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus, Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19: oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere, Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2: alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi, Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.: pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit, Suet. Calig. 36: epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio, i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20: te conjux aliena capit, Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116: vulnus, intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139: alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites, i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also: aliena nomina, debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—B. Esp.
1. In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:
alienus est ab nostrā familiā, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.: multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt, to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31: non alienus sanguine regibus, Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.— Hence alienus and propinquus are antith., Cic. Lael. 5, 19: ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim, id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.: ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur, id. ib. 3, 6.—2. Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:
in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17: homo non alienus a litteris, not a stranger to, not unversed in, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—3. Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.
(a). With gen.:
pacis (deorum), Lucr. 6, 69: salutis, id. 3, 832: aliarum rerum, id. 6, 1064: dignitatis alicujus, Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11: neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti), convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—(b). With dat.:
quod illi causae maxime est alienum, Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—(g). With abl.:
neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā, Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83: homine alienissimum, id. Off. 1, 13, 41: dignitate imperii, id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18: amicitiā, id. Fam. 11, 27: existimatione meā, id. Att. 6, 1: domus magis his aliena malis, farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50: loco, tempore, Quint. 6, 3, 33.—(d). With ab:
alienum a vitā meā, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7: a sapiente, Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132: a dignitate, id. Fam. 4, 7: navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate, id. Att. 16, 3.—(ε) With inf. or clause as subject: nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri, Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23: non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere, Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—4. Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:
illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24: a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus, id. Lael. 8 fin.: sin a me est alienior, id. Fam. 2, 17: ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere, id. ib. 15, 4 al.: Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus, Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf. Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 15: alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit, Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16: ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum, Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67: vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus, id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum (dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—5. In medic. lang.
a. Of the body, dead, corrupted, paralyzed (cf. alieno, II. B. 2.), Scrib. Comp. 201.—
b. Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):
Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant, Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—II. Subst.
1. ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.
a. One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:
apud me cenant alieni novem, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21: ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23: quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos, id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19: quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur, Vulg. Gen. 42, 7: a filiis suis an ab alienis? ib. Matt. 17, 24: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, Cic. Lael. 5: quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum, Vell. 2, 76.—b. One not related to a person or thing:
in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat, Cic. Mil. 28, 76: vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur, Col. 3, 21, 3.—2. ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:
Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc., Cato, R. R. 5, 1: alieno abstinuit, Suet. Tit. 7: ex alieno largiri, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so, de alieno largiri, Just. 36, 3, 9: alieni appetens, sui profugus, Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5: in aliena aedificium exstruere, Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.: in alieno solo aedificare, Dig. 41, 1, 7).—Plur., a. The property of a stranger:
quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena? Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—b. The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;
humani nihil a me alienum puto, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23: aliena ut melius videant quam sua, id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—c. Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:
Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc., Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person: Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum, Ov. Tr. 3, 19: interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui, Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).!*? Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
aliēnus
alius.
I. I. Adj. with comp. and sup, of another, belonging to another, not one's own, foreign, alien, strange: res: puer, the child of another, T.: mos, T.: menses, of other climes, V.: pecuniae: in alienis finibus decertare, Cs.: salus, of others, Cs.: alienis manibus, by the hands of others, L.: insolens in re alienā, in dealing with other men's property: mālis ridens alienis, i. e. a forced laugh, H.: mulier, another man's wife: alieni viri sermones, of another woman's husband, L.: vestigia viri alieni, one not my husband, L.: volnus, intended for another, V.: alienam personam ferre, to assume a false character, L.: cornua, i. e. those of a stag, O.: alieno Marte pugnare (equites), i. e. on foot, L.: aes alienum, another's money, i. e. debt: aes alienum alienis nominibus, debts contracted on the security of others, S.: recte facere alieno metu, fear of another, T.: crevit ex metu alieno audacia, another's fear, L.: sacerdotium genti haud alienum, foreign to, L. — Alien from, not related, not allied, not friendly, strange: ab nostrā familiā, T.: omnia alienissimis crediderunt, to utter strangers, Cs.: ne a litteris quidem alienus, not unversed in.—Strange, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, different from: dignitatis alicuius: neque aliena consili (domus), not inconvenient for consultation, S.: illi causae: alienum maiestate suā: aliena huius existimatione suspicio: domus magis his aliena malis, freer from, H.: alienum a vitā meā, T.: a dignitate: non alienum esse videtur, proponere, etc., Cs.: non alienum videtur, ... docere, N. — Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to: (Caesar) a me: voluntates, unfriendliness: mens, hostility, S.: alieno a te animo: a causā nobilitatis, opposed to: a Murenā nullā re alienus, in nc respect unfriendly: alienum suis rationibus, dangerous to his plans, S.: alieno esse animo in Caesarem, Cs.: alieno loco proelium committunt, unfavorable, Cs.: alienissimo sibi loco conflixit, N. —Of time, unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, unseasonable: ad iudicium corrumpendum tempus: ad committendum proelium alienum esse tempus, Cs.: alieno tempore defendisse: alienore aetate, at a less suitable age, T.—Of the mind, estranged, disordered: illis aliena mens erat, qui, etc., S.—
II. II. Substt.:
aliēnus ī, m
one of another house, a stranger to the family, foreigner, alien: eiectus ad alienos: alienum post mortem expetunt, a foreigner: in alienos, in suos inruebat: heres hic alienior institutus est, this more distant relation. —
Origins
From alius (“other, another”) + -ēnus.
Borrowings
- Catalanaliè
- Englishalienfrom Old French alien
- Frenchalienfrom Old French alien
- Portuguesealienfrom Old French alien
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesealheiofrom Old Galician-Portuguese alhẽo
- Spanishajenofrom Old Spanish ageno
- Galicianalleofrom Old Galician-Portuguese alhẽo
- Asturianayénfrom Old Leonese ayeno
- Asturianayenufrom Old Leonese ayeno
- Leoneseayenufrom Old Leonese ayeno
- Leoneseaxenufrom Old Leonese ayeno
- Mirandesealhenofrom Old Leonese ayeno
- Ladinoajenofrom Old Spanish ageno
Italo-Romance
- Italianalieno
Gallo-Romance
- Old Catalanallè
Insular Romance
- Campidaneseallenufrom Old Sardinian alienu
- Logudoreseanzenufrom Old Sardinian alienu