verbirregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund
adsum
adsum (present infinitive adesse, perfect active adfuī, future active participle adfutūrus)
Classical[ˈas.sũː]Ecclesiastical[ˈad.sum]
№ 279 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- suppletivewith dativeto be here, there, near, present, at hand
[...] Sequar ātrīs ignibus absēns, / et, cum frīgida mors animā sēdūxerit artūs, / omnibus umbra locīs aderō. [...]
“[Although you will be] gone, I’ll pursue [you] with smoking torches, and, when cold death has severed my limbs from life, in all places my shade shall be present.” (Avenging Furies or Erinyes carry torches: Dido — invoking poetic contrasts between hot/cold, death/life, absence/presence — will haunt Aeneas everywhere.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.384–386 - suppletivewith dativeto arrive
- suppletivewith dativeto attend
- suppletivewith dativeto be present with aid or support; to stand by, assist, favor, help, sustain
[...] Aderō, et, tua sī mihi certa voluntās, [...].
“I [Juno, Queen of Marriage,] will be present, and [Venus], if your favor [is] assured me, ….” (See: pronuba.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.125nunc ades ō coeptīs, flāva Minervā, meīs.
Now be favorably present, oh golden[-haired] Minerva, to [these] undertakings of mine. (The imperative active present tense second person singular “ades” summons the muse of poetry, Minerva. Here, the meaning includes both divine “presence” and “assistance”.)8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 6.652 - suppletiveto protect, defend
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
praesēns sum, adstōadsum -esse — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 16
is here
adest — in Seneca, ch. I
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Adesse · Interesse · Præsentem esse
1. Adesse means to be near a person or thing; but interesse, to assist in a transaction, to take a part in it. Cic. Verr. i. 40. Crimina ea, quæ notiora sunt his qui adsunt, quam nobis . . . . De illo nihil dixit, in quo interfuit. 2. Adesse denotes generally the presence in a circle to which we belong; præsentem esse, absolute, audible and visible presence. When an expected guest is within our walls, adest; he who is in the same room with us, præsens est. (v. 337.)
Conjugation future irregular no supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | adsum | aderam | aderō | adfuī | adfueram | adfuerō |
| 2nd sg. | ades | aderās | aderis adere | adfuistī | adfuerās | adfueris |
| 3rd sg. | adest | aderat | aderit | adfuit | adfuerat | adfuerit |
| 1st pl. | adsumus | aderāmus | aderimus | adfuimus | adfuerāmus | adfuerimus |
| 2nd pl. | adestis | aderātis | aderitis | adfuistis | adfuerātis | adfueritis |
| 3rd pl. | adsunt | aderant | aderunt | adfuērunt adfuēre | adfuerant | adfuerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | adsim adsiem, adfuam | adessem adforem | adfuerim | adfuissem |
| 2nd sg. | adsīs adsiēs, adfuās | adessēs adforēs | adfuerīs | adfuissēs |
| 3rd sg. | adsit adsiet, adfuat | adesset adforet | adfuerit | adfuisset |
| 1st pl. | adsīmus adsiēmus, adfuāmus | adessēmus adforēmus | adfuerīmus | adfuissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | adsītis adsiētis, adfuātis | adessētis adforētis | adfuerītis | adfuissētis |
| 3rd pl. | adsint adessint, adsient, adfuant | adessent adforent | adfuerint | adfuissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | ades | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | adeste | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | adestō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | adestō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | adestōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | adsuntō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | adesse | — |
| perfect infinitive | adfuisse | — |
| future infinitive | adfutūrum esse adfore | — |
| future participle | adfutūrus adfutūra, adfutūrā, adfutūrae, adfutūram, adfutūrārum, adfutūrās, adfutūre, adfutūrī, adfutūrīs, adfutūrō, adfutūrōrum, adfutūrōs, adfutūrum | — |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- animo adesse
- (1) to be attentive; (2) to keep one's presence of mind.
- sacris adesse
- to be present at divine service (of the people).
- ad tempus adesse
- to be there at a given time.
- animo adesse (Sull. 11. 33)
- to be quite unconcerned.
- in iudicium venire, in iudicio adesse
- to appear in court.
- adesse alicui or alicuius rebus (opp. deesse)
- to assist, stand by a person.
- edicere, ut senatus frequens adsit (Fam. 11. 6. 2)
- to issue a proclamation calling on the senators to assemble in full force.
ad-sum (Ribbeck has written
I. assum in Novius by conj. from suum of the MSS., Com. Trag. p. 262; in Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 67, adsum must be pronounced assum, as the pun on the word requires, Roby, I. p. 49), adfui (affui, Merkel, L. Müller), adesse, v. n. (arfui = adfui, S. C. de Bacch.; arf = adfuerunt, ib.; arfuise = adfuisse, ib.; v. ad init.;
adsiem = adsim, Verg. Cat. 5, 6 (dicam, Rib.): adsiet, Cato, R. R. 141, 4; Plaut. As. 2, 4, 9; Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 11: adsient, id. Phorm. 2, 18, 3: adfore now and then takes the place of adfuturus esse, and adforem of adessem, which is written with one s, adesent, in S. C. de Bacch.), to be at or near a person or place, to be somewhere, to be present (opp. absum, to be distant, removed, absent). I. Lit.
(a). Absol.: visus Homerus adesse poëta, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51 (Ann. v. 6 Vahl.), imitated by Verg. A. 2, 271, and Ov. M. 7, 635; v. below: Hegio adsum;
si quid me vis, impera, Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 1; so id. Truc. 2, 6, 33; 4, 3, 52: quasi adfuerim simulabo, id. Am. 1, 1, 45. —(b). With adv. or adj.:
etsi abest, hic adesse erum Arbitror, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 11: Philolaches jam hic aderit, id. Most. 5, 1, 29; and id. Ps. 1, 2, 48: quod adest praesto, Lucr. 5, 1412: ut quasi coram adesse videare, cum scribo aliquid ad te, Cic. Fam. 15, 16; id. Att. 5, 18, 3; Verg. A. 1, 595: non quia ades praesens dico hoc, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 39.—(g). With prepp.:
ad exercitum, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6: in tabernaculo, id. ib. 1, 1, 269: adsum apud te, id. Poen. 1, 2, 67: mulier ad eam rem divinam ne adsit, Cato, R. R. 83: ad portam, Cic. Div. 1, 27, 57: ante oculos maestissimus Hector Visus adesse mihi, Verg. A. 2, 271: ante oculos eadem mihi quercus adesse ... visa est, Ov. M. 7, 635. —(d). With dat.:
adsum praesens praesenti tibi, Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 27: DVM. NE. MINVS. SENATORIBVS. C. ADESENT. S. C. de Bacch. (see Append. to this dictionary): portis, Verg. A. 2, 330: senatui, Tac. A. 4, 55: convivio, Suet. Tib. 61 fin.: quaestioni, id. ib. 62: pugnae. id. Oth. 9.II. Trop.
A. Of time, to be present, be at hand:
dum tempestates adsunt, Lucr. 1, 178: Vesper adest, Cat. 62, 1: jamque dies aderit, Ov. M. 3, 519; 9, 285; 12, 150: aderat judicio dies, Liv. 3, 12: cum jam partus adesset, Ov. M. 9, 674.—B. Of other abstr. things, to be present, to be at hand (incorrectly made syn. with the simple esse).
(a). Absol.:
nunc adest occasio benefacta cumulare, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 63: ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas, id. Men. prol. 16: omnia adsunt bona, quem penes est virtus, id. Am. 2, 2, 21: ut tranquillitas animi et securitas adsit, Cic. Off. 1, 20: tanti aderant morbi vesicae et viscerum, ut, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 30.—(b). With dat.:
hominum quīs pudor paulum adest, Ter. And. 4, 1, 6: vigilantibus hinc aderant solacia somni, Lucr. 5, 1405: vis ad resistendum nulli aderat, Vell. 2, 61; 2, 21: vim adfore verbo Crediderat, Verg. A. 10, 547: tantus decor adfuit arti, Ov. M. 6, 18: simplicitas puerilibus adfuit annis, id. ib. 5, 400: quantus adest equis Sudor, Hor. C. 1, 15, 9: uti mox Nulla fides damnis adsit, id. Ep. 1, 17, 57: quousque patieris, Caesar, non adesse caput reipublicae? to be in his place, to be present, Tac. A. 1, 13 et saep.—C. Animo or animis, to be present in mind, with attention, interest, sympathy; also, with courage (cf. animus); to give attention to something, to give heed, observe, attend to; also, to be fearless, be of good courage:
ut intellegeretis eum non adfuisse animo, oum ab illis causa ageretur, Cic. Caecin. 10 fin.: adestote omnes animis, qui adestis corporibus, id. Sull. 11, 33; id. Phil. 8, 10, 30 (cf. Ter. And. prol. 24, and Phorm. prol. 30: adeste aequo animo): quam ob rem adeste animis, judices, et timorem, si quem habetis, deponite, Cic. Mil. 2, 4: ades animo et omitte timorem, id. Rep. 6, 10 fin.—D. Poet., to be present with one, to be associated with, to attend:
Tu ducibus Latiis aderis, cum laeta Triumphum Vox canet, Ov. M. 1, 560; of the cypress: aderis dolentibus, id. ib. 10, 142. —E. To be present with one's aid or support; to stand by, to assist, aid, help, protect, defend, sustain (esp. freq. of advocati; cf.
absum): ibo ad forum atque aliquot mihi amicos advocabo, ad hanc rem qui adsient, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 82; id. Eun. 4, 6, 26: omnes enim hi, quos videtis adesse in hac causa, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 1; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 29; id. Sull. 29; id. Phil. 2, 37, 95; Quint. 1, 4; 8, 30 et saep.: ego tamen tuis rebus sic adero ut difficillimis, Cic. Fam. 6, 14 fin.; so id. Att. 1, 1: Camulogenus suis aderat atque eos cohortabatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 62: dictator intercessioni adero, Liv. 6, 38: cui sententiae adest Dicaearchus, Plin. 2, 65, 65: Aderam Arrionillae, Timonis uxori, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 5; 2, 11, 2: quod ille adversus privatum se intemperantius adfuisset, had taken part, Suet. Claud. 38 Bremi.—With inf.: non Teucros delere aderam, Sil. 9, 532; so of a protecting, aiding divinity, esp. in invocations, adsis, adsit, etc.: adsis, o Tegeaee, favens, Verg. G. 1, 18; id. A. 4, 578: adsis, o Cytherea, id. Cat. 6, 11: ades, Dea, muneris auctor, Ov. M. 10, 673; so, Huc ades, Tib. 1, 7, 49: di omnes nemorum, adeste, Ov. M. 7, 198: nostris querelis adsint (dii), Liv. 3, 25: frugumque aderit mea Delia custos, Tib. 1, 5, 21: si vocata partubus Lucina veris adfuit, Hor. Epod. 5, 6: origini Romanae et deos adfuisse et non defuturam virtutem, Liv. 1, 9; 5, 51 al.—To be present as a witness: (testes) adsunt cum adversariis, Cic. Fl. 23; promissi testis adesto, Ov. M. 2, 45; hence the t. t. scribendo adesse, to be present as a witness to some writing or contract (usually placed at the beginning of the writing), S. C. de Bacch. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 and 6 al.— F. Involving the idea of motion, to come, to appear (most freq. in post-Aug. prose): adsum atque advenio Acherunte, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37;
jam ego hic adero, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 7; Ter. And. 4, 2, 32; id. Heaut. 3, 1, 96; id. Eun. 4, 7, 41: hi ex Africa jam adfuturi videntur, Cic. Att. 11, 15: Hymen ades o Hymenaee, Cat. 62, 5: Galli per dumos aderant, Verg. A. 8, 657; 11, 100: huc ades, o formose puer, id. E. 2, 45; 7, 9; Ov. M. 8, 598; 2, 513 (cf. also adesdum): ecce Arcas adest, appears, is arrived, id. ib. 2, 497; so 3, 102; 528; 4, 692; 5, 46; 8, 418; 9, 200, 304, 363, 760; 11, 349; 12, 341; 13, 73, 82, 662, 906: adfore tempus, quo, etc., id. ib. 1, 256; cum hostes adessent, i. e. appropinquarent, Liv. 2, 10: truci clamore aderant semisomnos in barbaros, Tac. A. 4, 25: infensi adesse et instare, Sall. J. 50: quod serius adfuisset, Suet. Aug. 94 al.—In App. with acc.: cubiculum adero, Met. 2, p. 119 Elm.: scopulum aderunt, ib. 5, p. 160.—G. As judicial t. t., to appear before a tribunal:
C. Verrem altera actione responsurum non esse, neque ad judicium adfuturum ... quod iste certe statuerat non adesse, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1: augures adsunt, id. Dom. 34: augurem adesse jusserunt, Vell. 2, 10; cf. Brisson. de Form. V. p. 446.—H. Of the senate, to attend, to convene:
edixit ut adesset senatus frequens a. d. viii. Kal. Decembris, Cic. Phil. 3, 19: ne sine causa videretur edixisse, ut senatus adcsset, id. ib. 24.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
ad-sum (assum) adfuī
(aff-), adesse (adsiet for adsit, T.; adfore for adfutūrum esse), to be at, be present, be at hand: quia ades praesens, T.: vos, qui adsunt: coram, V.: ad portam: ante oculos, V.: portis, V.: ducibus, i. e. accompany, O.— To be at hand, stand by, assist, support, aid, help: amicos, ad hanc rem qui adsient, T.: omnes quos videtis adesse: dux suis aderat, Cs.: flentibus adsunt Humani voltūs, show sympathy with, H.: adsis, o Tegeaee, favens, be near, V.: (testes) adsunt cum adversariis: promissi testis adesto, O. — Hence, to come, appear: iam hic adero, am coming immediately, T.: huc ades, V.: cum hostes adessent, L.—In law: ad iudicium, to come into court: edixit ut adesset senatus frequens, convene: adesse in Capitolio iussit (i. e. senatum). — Fig., to be present, be at hand: proeli tempus, S.: aderat iudicio dies, L.: cum iam partus adesset, O.: quod adest Componere, existing circumstances, H.: ut securitas adsit: hominum quīs pudor paulum adest, T.: vim adfore verbo Crediderat, V.: quantus adest viris Sudor, H.: adesse animo, to be present in mind, give attention: adeste animis, be of good courage.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂éd
- Proto-Italic*ad
- Proto-Italic*ad-
- Latinadsum
Latin sum Latin adsum From ad- (“to”) + sum (“to be”).