§542. Conditional Relative Clauses

The particles ubi, ut, cum, quandō, either alone or compounded with -cumque, may be used as Indefinite Relatives (in the sense of whenever), and have the constructions of Protasis (cf. § 514):—

• cum id malum negās esse, capior (Tusc. 2.29), whenever you (the individual disputant) deny it to be an evil, I am misled. [Present general condition.]
• quod profectō cum mē nūlla vīs cōgeret, facere nōn audērem (Phil. 5.51), which I would surely not venture to do, as long as no force compelled me. [Present, contrary to fact: cf. § 517.]
• cum videās eōs dolōre nōn frangī, dēbeās exīstimāre, etc. (Tusc. 2.66), when you see that those are not broken by pain, you ought to infer, etc. [Present general condition: cf. § 518. a.]
• cum rosam vīderat, tum incipere vēr arbitrābātur (Verr. 5.27), whenever he saw a rose he thought spring had begun. [Past general condition: cf. § 518. b.]
• id ubi dīxisset, hastam in fīnīs eōrum ēmittēbat (Liv. 1.32.13), when he had said this, he would cast the spear into their territories. [Past General Condition, repeated action: see § 518. c.]