LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
Allen & Greenough · Part First — Words and Forms › Forms of Conjugation

§208. Impersonal Verbs

Impersonal Verbs may be classified as follows:—

a. Verbs expressing the operations of nature and the time of day:—

vesperāscit (inceptive, § 263. 1), it grows late.ningit, it snows.
lūcīscit hōc, it is getting light.fulgurat, it lightens.
grandinat, it hails.tonat, it thunders.
pluit, it rains.rōrat, the dew falls.

b. Verbs of feeling, where the person who is the proper subject becomes the object, as being himself affected by the feeling expressed in the verb (§ 354. b):—

miseret, it grieves.paenitet ( poenitet), it repents.
piget, it disgusts.pudet, it shames.
taedet, it wearies.
miseret mē, I pity (it distresses me);
pudet mē, I am ashamed.

c. Verbs which have a phrase or clause as their subject (cf. §§ 454, 569.2):—

  • accidit, contingit, ēvenit, obtingit, obvenit, fit, it happens.
libet, it pleases. dēlectat, iuvat, it delights.
licet, it is permitted.oportet, it is fitting, ought.
certum est, it is resolved.necesse est, it is needful.
cōnstat, it is clear.praestat, it is better.
placet, it seems good (pleases).interest, rēfert, it concerns.
vidētur, it seems, seems good.vacat, there is leisure.
decet, it is becoming. restat, superest, it remains.

d. The passive of intransitive verbs is very often used impersonally (see synopsis in § 207):—

  • ventum est, they came (there was coming).
  • pūgnātur, there is fighting (it is fought).
  • ītur, some one goes (it is gone).
  • parcitur mihi, I am spared (it is spared to me, see § 372).
Classified Lists of Verbs

J. H. Allen and J. B. Greenough, New Latin Grammar (Boston: Ginn, 1903). Text provided under a CC BY-SA license by Perseus Digital Library, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu, with funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities.