LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
Allen & Greenough · Part First — Words and Forms › Forms of Conjugation

§206. Defective Verbs

Many verbs are found only in the Present System. Such are maereō, -ēre, be sorrowful (cf. maestus, sad); feriō, -īre, strike.

In many the simple verb is incomplete, but the missing parts occur in its compounds: as, vādō, vādere, in-vāsī, in-vāsum.

Some verbs occur very commonly, but only in a few forms:—

a. Âiō, I say:—

INDIC.PRES.âiō, ais,1 ait; ----, ----, âiunt
IMPF.âiēbam,2 âiēbās, etc.
SUBJV.PRES.----, âiās, âiat; ----, ----, âiant
IMPER.aī (rare)
PART.âiēns

The vowels a and i are pronounced separately (a-is, a-it) except sometimes in old or colloquial Latin. Before a vowel, one i stands for two (see § 6. c):—thus âiō was pronounced ai-yō and was sometimes written aiiō.

b. Inquam, I say, except in poetry, is used only in direct quotations (cf. the English quoth).

INDIC.PRES.inquam, inquis, inquit; inquimus, inquitis (late), inquiunt
IMPF.----, ----, inquiēbat; ----, ----, ----
FUT.----, inquiēs, inquiet; ----, ----, ----
PERF.inquiī, inquīstī, ----; ----, ----, ----
IMPER.PRES.inque
FUT.inquitō

The only common forms are inquam, inquis, inquit, inquiunt, and the future īnquiēs, inquiet.

c. The deponent fārī, to speak, has the following forms:—

INDIC.PRES.----, ----, fātur; ----, ----, fantur
FUT.fābor, ----, fābitur; ----, ----, ----
PERF.----, ----, fātus est; ----, ----, fātī sunt
PLUP.fātus eram, ----, fātus erat; ----, ----, ----
IMPER.PRES.fāre
INFIN.PRES.fārī
PART.PRES.fāns, fantis, etc. (in singular)
PERF.fātus (having spoken)
GER.fandus (to be spoken of)
GERUND, gen.fandī, abl. fandōSUPINEfātū

Several forms compounded with the prepositions ex, prae, prō, inter, occur: as, praefātur, praefāmur, affārī, prōfātus, interfātur, etc. The compound īnfāns is regularly used as a noun (child). īnfandus, nefandus, are used as adjectives, unspeakable, abominable.

d. Queō, I can, nequeō, I cannot, are conjugated like eō. They are rarely used except in the present. Queō is regularly accompanied by a negative. The forms given below occur, those in full-faced type in classic prose. The Imperative, Gerund, and Supine are wanting.

INDICATIVESUBJUNCTIVEINDICATIVESUBJUNCTIVE
PRESENTPRESENT
queō queam nequeō ( nōn queō) nequeam
quīs queāsnequīs nequeās
quit queatnequitnequeat
quīmus queāmusnequīmus nequeāmus
quītis---- nequītis----
queunt queantnequeunt nequeant
IMPERFECTIMPERFECT
quībam--------nequīrem
quībatquīretnequībatnequīret
----quīrentnequībantnequīrent
FUTUREFUTURE
quībōnequībit
quībuntnequībunt
PERFECTPERFECT
quīvī----nequīvī nequīverim
--------nequīstī----
quīvitquīverit (-ierit)nequīvit (nequiit) nequīverit
quīvērunt ( -ēre)quierintnequīvērunt (-quiēre) nequīverint
PLUPERFECTPLUPERFECT
-------- nequīverat (-ierat) nequīvisset (-quīsset)
----quīvissent nequīverant (-ierant)nequīssent
INFINITIVE
quīrequīssenequīre nequīvisse (-quīsse)
PARTICIPLES
quiēnsnequiēns, nequeuntēs

e. Quaesō, I ask, beg (original form of quaerō), has—

INDIC.PRES.quaesō, quaesŭmus

f. Ovāre, to triumph, has the following:—

INDIC.PRES.ovās, ovat
SUBJV.PRES.ovet
IMPF.ovāret
PART.ovāns, ovātūrus, ovātus
GER.ovandī

g. A few verbs are found chiefly in the Imperative:—

  • PRES. singular salvē, plural salvēte, FUT. salvētō, hail! (from salvus, safe and sound). An infinitive salvēre and the indicative forms salveō, salvētis, salvēbis, are rare.
  • PRES. singular avē (or havē), plural avēte, FUT. avētō, hail or farewell. An infinitive avēre also occurs.
  • PRES. singular cĕdo, plural cĕdite ( cette), give, tell.
  • PRES. singular apage, begone (properly a Greek word).

J. H. Allen and J. B. Greenough, New Latin Grammar (Boston: Ginn, 1903). Text provided under a CC BY-SA license by Perseus Digital Library, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu, with funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities.