§173. The Principal Parts

The regular forms of the Four Conjugations are seen in the following:—

First Conjugation:—

• Active, amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum, love.
• Passive, amor, amārī, amātus.
• Present Stem amā-, Perfect Stem amāv-, Supine Stem amāt-.

Second Conjugation:—

• Active, dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētum, blot out.
• Passive, dēleor, dēlērī, dēlētus.
• Present Stem dēlē-, Perfect Stem dēlēv-, Supine Stem dēlēt-.

In the Second conjugation, however, the characteristic ē- rarely appears in the perfect and perfect participle. The common type is, therefore:—

• Active, moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum, warn.
• Passive, moneor, monērī, monitus.
• Present Stem monē-, Perfect Stem monu-, Supine Stem monit-.

Third Conjugation:—

• Active, tegō, tegĕre, tēxī, tēctum, cover.
• Passive, tegor, tegī, tēctus.
• Present Stem tegĕ-, Perfect Stem tēx-, Supine Stem tēct-.

Fourth Conjugation:—

• Active, audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītum, hear.
• Passive, audior, audīrī, audītus.
• Present Stem audī-, Perfect Stem audīv-, Supine Stem audīt-.

a. In many verbs the principal parts take forms belonging to two or more different conjugations (cf. § 189):—

• 1, 2, domō, domāre, domuī, domitum, subdue.
• 2, 3, maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsum, remain.
• 3, 4, petō, petĕre, petīvī, petītum, seek.
• 4, 3, vinciō, vincīre, vīnxī, vīnctum, bind.

Such verbs are referred to the conjugation to which the Present sten conforms.