Panticapes
Παντυκάπης
Panticapes (Παντυκάπης), a river of European Sarmatia, between the Borysthenes and the Tanais, rises in a lake, according to Herodotus, in the N., separates the agricultural and nomad Scythians, flows through the district Hylaea, and falls into the Borysthenes. (Hdt. 4.18, 19, 47, 54; comp. Plin. Nat. 4.12. s. 26; Mela, 2.1.5.) Dionysius Per. (314) says that it rises in the Rhipaean mountains. Many suppose it to be the Samara; but it cannot be identified with certainty with any modern river. For the various opinions held on the subject, see Bahr, ad Herod. 4.54; Ukert, vol. iii. pt. ii. p. 191. Stephanus B. erroneously states that the town of Panticapaeum stood upon a river Panticapes. [PANTICAPAEUM]
From William Smith (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Text provided under a CC BY-SA license by Perseus Digital Library, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu, with funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities and Tufts University. Data accessed from https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-pdlrefwk/ on 17 October 2026.