verbirregular conjugation, impersonal in the passive
abeō
abeō (present infinitive abīre, perfect active abiī or abīvī, supine abitum)
Classical[ˈa.be.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈaː.be.o]
№ 553 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- impersonalto depart, go away, go off, exit
Ambōrum uxōrēs noctū Troiād exībant capitibus opertīs,
The wives of both were leaving Troy at night with covered heads, both weeping while departing with many tears.c. 270 BCE – c. 201 BCE, Gnaeus Naevius, Bellum Punicum 5–7MERCURIUS. Eāmus, Amphitruō. Lūcēscit hoc iam. IUPPITER. Abī prae, Sōsiā;
MERCURY. Let's go, Amphitryo. Day's breaking already. JUPITER. Go ahead, Sosia; I'll follow in a moment.c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitruo 1.3.45–46 - impersonalto pass away
Catō autem sīc abiit ē vītā, ut causam moriendī nactum sē esse gaudēret.
But Cato did pass away (from life) such that he was happy to have found a reason to die.106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes 1.30.74 - impersonalto retire from office
Praeterea sī quadrāgintā annōs nāta sacerdōtiō abīre ac nūbere voluisset, iūs eī potestāsque exaugurandī atque nūbendī facta est mūnificentiae et beneficiī grātiā, quod campum Tiberīnum sīve Mārtium populō condōnāsset.
Then, if at the age of forty she wishes to retire from the [Vestal] priesthood and marry, the right and power to withdraw is given to her for the sake of the kindness and service of presenting the Campus Tiberinus or Campus Martius to the people.c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 7.7.4 - impersonalto set
Illa abit Ōceanō, tōtīus serta Corōnae in caelum redeunt, […]
She (Cassiopeia) sets in the Ocean, the wreaths of the entire Corona return to the heavens, […]4 CE, Germanicus (translator), Phaenomena 667-668 (original author: Aratus) - impersonalto change one's nature
Inde et cīvibus ōtiī cupidīs et fīnītimīs cīvitātibus facta spēs in avī mōrēs atque īnstitūta rēgem abitūrum.
Hence to the citizens eager for peace and to the neighbouring cities came hope that the king may change to the character and institutions of his grandfather.59 BCE – 17 CE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 1.32.2 - impersonalpoeticto be transformed, metamorphosed
In villōs abeunt vestēs, in crūra lacertī.
Clothes turn to fur, arms to legs.8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 1.236–237 - Late Latinimpersonalsynonym of eō
Et sī nōn crēdiderint, in umbrā mortis abībunt.
And should they not believe, they shall walk in the shadow of death.c. 250 CE, Commodian, Carmen Apologeticum 1053–1055 in Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum (volume 15), Bernhard Dombard (editor), Vienna 1887, page 1874th C. CE, Saint Jerome, Vulgate, Psalms 1:1
Blessed is the man who hath not walked in the counsel of the ungodly, nor stood in the way of sinners, nor sat in the chair of pestilence.
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
ab locō eō.abeō -īre abiī — in Mille Verba, ch. Via et Iter
to go away
abeō -īre — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 10, 11, 14, 20 and Seneca, ch. I
go away
abeō -īre, -iī — in De Bello Gallico III
has gone
abiit — in Seneca, ch. I
Conjugation irregular
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | abeō | abībam | abībō | abiī abīvī | abieram abīveram | abierō abīverō |
| 2nd sg. | abīs | abībās | abībis | abīstī abiistī, abīvistī | abierās abīverās | abieris abīveris |
| 3rd sg. | abit | abībat | abībit | abiit abīvit | abierat abīverat | abierit abīverit |
| 1st pl. | abīmus | abībāmus | abībimus | abiimus abīvimus | abierāmus abīverāmus | abierimus abīverimus |
| 2nd pl. | abītis | abībātis | abībitis | abīstis abiistis, abīvistis | abierātis abīverātis | abieritis abīveritis |
| 3rd pl. | abeunt | abībant | abībunt | abiērunt abiēre, abīvērunt, abīvēre | abierant abīverant | abierint abīverint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | abeam | abīrem | abierim abīverim | abīssem abiissem, abīvissem |
| 2nd sg. | abeās | abīrēs | abierīs abīverīs | abīssēs abiissēs, abīvissēs |
| 3rd sg. | abeat | abīret | abierit abīverit | abīsset abiisset, abīvisset |
| 1st pl. | abeāmus | abīrēmus | abierīmus abīverīmus | abīssēmus abiissēmus, abīvissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | abeātis | abīrētis | abierītis abīverītis | abīssētis abiissētis, abīvissētis |
| 3rd pl. | abeant | abīrent | abierint abīverint | abīssent abiissent, abīvissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | abītur | abībātur | abībitur |
| 1st pl. | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | — | — | — |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | abeātur | abīrētur |
| 1st pl. | abeāmur | abīrēmur |
| 2nd pl. | abeāminī | abīrēminī |
| 3rd pl. | abeantur | abīrentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | abī | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | abīte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | abītō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | abītō | abītor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | abītōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | abeuntō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | abīre | abīrī |
| perfect infinitive | abīsse abiisse, abīvisse | abitum esse |
| future infinitive | abitūrum esse | abitum īrī |
| present participle | abiēns abeunte, abeuntem, abeuntēs, abeuntī, abeuntia, abeuntibus, abeuntis, abeuntīs, abeuntium | — |
| perfect participle | — | abitum |
| future participle | abitūrus abitūra, abitūrā, abitūrae, abitūram, abitūrārum, abitūrās, abitūre, abitūrī, abitūrīs, abitūrō, abitūrōrum, abitūrōs, abitūrum | abeundum abeunda, abeundā, abeundae, abeundam, abeundārum, abeundās, abeunde, abeundīs, abeundōrum, abeundōs, abeundus |
gerundabeundī, abeundō, abeundumsupineabitum, abitū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- abire magistratu
- to give up, lay down office (usually at the end of one's term of office).
- in ora vulgi abire
- to be a subject for gossip.
- exsulatum ire or abire
- to go into exile.
- (ex) vita excedere, ex vita abire
- to depart this life.
- abire ex oculis, e conspectu alicuius
- to go out of sight, disappear.
- memoria alicuius rei excidit, abiit, abolevit
- the recollection of a thing has been entirely lost.
- in diversas partes or simply diversi abeunt, discedunt
- they disperse in different directions.
- sublimem or sublime (not in sublime or sublimiter) ferri, abire
- to fly aloft; to be carried into the sky.
ăb-ĕo, ĭvi or ii, ĭtum, īre, v. n. (abin= abisne, Plaut. and Ter.; abiit, dissyl., v. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 153),
I. to go from a place, to go away, depart.
I. Lit..
A. In gen., constr. with ab, ex, the simple abl., the acc. with in, the local adv. hinc, and absol.:
abeo ab illo, Plaut. Cure. 2, 3, 70: abi in malam rem maxumam a me, id. Ep. 1, 1, 72 (v. infra); so id. Bacch. 4, 9, 107: abin e conspectu meo? id. Am. 1, 3, 20 (but also abin ab oculis? id. Trin. 4, 2, 140: id. Truc. 2, 5, 24): ablturos agro Argivos, id. Am. 1, 1, 53: abire in aliquas terras, Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20: insanus, qui hinc abiit modo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 61: abi prae, jam ego sequar, go on, I will soon follow, id. Am. 1, 3, 45. —With supine: abiit exsulatum, into exile, Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 6; Liv. 2, 15 fin.; cf.: abi deambulatum, Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 26. —Absol.: (Catilina) abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit, Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 1: praetor de sellā surrexit atque abiit, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65 fin.: quae dederat abeuntibus, Verg. A. 1, 196 al.: sub jugum abire, Liv. 3, 2, 8 fin. — With inf.: abi quaerere, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 26. —Of things: cornus sub altum pectus abit, penetrates deeply, Verg. A. 9, 700.B. In partic.
1. To pass away, so that no trace remains; to disappear, vanish, cease.
a. Of man, to die:
qui nune abierunt hinc in communem locum (i.e. in Orcum), Plaut. Cas. prol. 19; cf.: ea mortem obiit, e medio abiit, Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 30; so also Cic.: abiit e vitā, Tusc. 1, 30, 74 al. — b. Of time, to pass away, elapse:
dum haec abiit hora, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 50: menses, id. Ad. 4, 5, 57: annus, Cic. Sest. 33, 72: abit dies, Cat. 61, 195: tota abit hora, Hor. S. 1, 5, 14. —c. Of other things:
per inane profundum, Lucr. 1, 1108: nausea jam plane abiit? Cic. Att. 14, 10, 2; so id. Fam. 9, 20; Ov. M. 7, 290 al.2. To be changed from one's own ways or nature into something else, to be transformed, metamorphosed; always constr. with in (chiefly poet., esp. in Ov. M., as a constant expression for metamorphosis): terra abit in nimbos imbremque, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 24 Mūll.:
in corpus corpore toto, to pass with their whole body into another, Lucr. 4, 1111: aut abit in somnum, is, as it were, wholly dissolved in sleep, is all sleep, id. 3, 1066: E in V abiit. Varr. L. L. 5, § 91 Mūll.: in villos abeunt vestes, in crura lacerti, Ov. M. 1, 236; id. ib. 2, 674: jam barba comaeque in silvas abeunt, id. ib. 4, 657; 4, 396; so id. ib. 3, 398; 8,555; 14, 499; 14, 551 al.: in vanum abibunt monentium verba, will dissolce into nothing, Sen. Ep. 94 med.; hence, in avi mores regem abiturum, would adopt the ways of, Liv. 1, 32.II. Trop.
A. In gen., to depart from, to leave off, to turn aside:
ut ab jure non abeat, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 44, § 114; so, ab emptione, Dig. 2, 14, 7, § 6; 18, 2, 14, § 2 sq.: a venditione, ib. 18, 5, 1: sed abeo a sensibus, leave, i. e. speak no more of, Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 9; so often with longe: non longe abieris, you need not go far to seek for examples, id. Fam. 7, 19; cf.: ne longius abeam, id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47; id. Caec. 33, 95 al.: quid ad istas ineptias abis? why do you have recourse to —? id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47: abit causa in laudes Cn. Pompeii, Quint. 9, 2, 55: illuc, unde abii, redeo, I set out, Hor. S. 1, 1, 108: pretium retro abiit, has fallen, Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 7.B. In partic.
1. With abl., to retire from an office or occupation:
abiens magistratu, Cic. Pis. 3, 6; id. Fam. 5, 2, 7: Liv. 2, 27 fin.; 3, 38 fin. al.; so, abire consulatu, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 5; cf. flaminio, Liv. 26, 23 fin.: sacerdotio, Gell. 6, 7, 4: honore, Suet. Aug. 26: tutelā, Dig. 26, 4, 3, § 8; cf.: tutelā vel curā, ib. 26, 10, 3, § 18 al.2. Of the consequence or result of an action, to turn out, end, terminate:
mirabar hoc si sic abiret, Ter. And. 1, 2, 4: cf.: non posse ista sic abire, Cic. Att. 14, 1; so id. Fin. 5, 3, 7; Cat. 14, 16 al.3. In auctions, t. t., not to be knocked down to one:
si res abiret ab eo mancipe, should not fall to him, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54; cf.: ne res abiret ab eo, that he may purchase it, id. 2, 3, 64; so Dig. 18, 2, 1; 50, 17, 205.4. The imper. abi is often a simple exclamation or address, either with a friendly or reproachful signif.
a. Abi, Indis me, credo, Begone, you are fooling me! Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 32; so Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 25; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 205. —
b. Begone! be off! abi modo, Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 20:
abi, nescis inescare homines, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 12; bence in the malediction, abi in malam rem! go be hanged! Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 17: abin hine in malam crucem? id. Most. 3, 2, 163 (ef. Cic.: quin tu abis in malam pestem malumque cruciatum? Phil. 13, 21); v. crux and cruciatus.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
ab-eō iī, itūrus, īre
(abin' for abisne, T.), to go from, go away, go off, go forth, go, depart: ab urbe: ex eorum agris: ex conspectu, out of sight, Cs.: mater abit templo, O.: abire fugā, to flee, V.: in angulum aliquo, T.: unde abii, V.: exsulatum Tusculum abiit, L.: si periturus abis, to your death, V.: sublimis abiit, ascended, L.: telo extracto praeceps in volnus abiit, collapsed, L.: quo tantum mihi dexter abis? whither so far to the right? V.: nemo non donatus abibit, without a gift, V.: abeas parvis aequus alumnis, show yourself favorable as you go, H.: quae dederat abeuntibus, V.: sub iugum abire, L.: abi, nuntia Romanis, etc., L.; of things: cornus sub altum pectus abit, penetrates deeply, V.: sol ... abeunte curru, as his chariot departs, H. — In partic., to pass away, disappear, vanish, cease, die: a vitā: illuc quo priores abierunt, Ph.; of time, to pass away, elapse, expire: abiit illud tempus: tota abit hora, H.; of other things: abeunt pallorque situsque, pass away, O.: inopia praeceps abierat, S.: in aera sucus corporis, O.— Of change, to pass over, be transferred: abeunt illuc omnia, unde orta sunt, return: in avi mores atque instituta, i. e. restore, L.; hence, to be changed, be transformed, be metamorphosed (poet.): in villos abeunt vestes, in crura lacerti, O.: comae in silvas abeunt, O. — Fig., to depart from, leave off, turn aside: ut ab iure non abeat: ne longius abeam, wander from the point: ad istas ineptias, have recourse to: illuc, unde abii, redeo, set out, H. —To retire from an office: cum magistratu abisset: abiens magistratu, L.—Of a consequence or result, to turn out, come off (of persons): ab iudicio turpissime victus: neutra acies laeta ex eo certamine abiit, L.: impune, Ph.: ne in ora hominum pro ludibrio abiret, i. e. lest he should be made ridiculous, L.: ne inrito incepto abiretur, L. —To turn out, end, terminate (of things): mirabar hoc si sic abiret, T.—To get off, escape: quem ad modum illinc abieris, vel potius paene non abieris, scimus, how you came off thence, or rather came near not getting off.—In auctions, not to be knocked down (to one): ne res abiret ab Apronio, i. e. that he may purchase.—To be postponed: in diem, T.— The imper. abi is often a simple exclamation or address, friendly or reproachful: abi, virum te iudico, go to, I pronounce you a man, T.: Non es avarus: abi; quid, etc., well, H.: abi, nescis inescare homines, begone, T.; in imprecations: abin hinc in malam rem? (i. e. abisne?), will you go and be hanged? T.: in malam pestem.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂ep
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂epó
- Proto-Italic*ap
- Latinabeō
Latin ab- Latin eō Latin abeō From ab- (“from, away”) + eō (“go”).