-que¹

Meaning

1. encliticand, coordinating conjunction
   Senatus Populusque Romanus.The Senate and the People of Rome
   𐌂𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌏𐌓𐌄𐌉:𐌐𐌏𐌃𐌋𐌏𐌖𐌒𐌖𐌄𐌉𐌒𐌖𐌄 / 𐌒𐌖𐌓𐌏𐌉𐌔To Castor and Pollux/Polydeuces, the Dioscuri.6th–5th century BCE, dedication to Castor and Pollux, Lavinium, Latium, →JSTOR:
2. encliticpoetic"both... and", "whether... or"
   […]hominumque ferarumque[…][…] both of man and of beast […]c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 3.241
3. encliticintroducing an explanatory clause
   Fretusque his animis.And so trusting to the pride of them.27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 1.2
   tuncque primum ignota antea vocabula reperta sunt sellariorum et spintriarum ex foeditate loci1598 translation by Richard Greenway Then first of all were those vnknowen words of Sellaries and Spintries found out of the filthines of the place.c. 117 CE, Tacitus, Annales 6.1
4. encliticrareused in an answer
   Ain heri nos advenisse huc? — Aio, adveniensque ilico me salutasti.Do you say that we arrived here yesterday? — I do say so, and on your arrival (lit. and arriving) you instantly greeted me.c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitruo 879–880

Origins

From Proto-Italic *-kʷe (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe (“and”). Cognates include Sanskrit च (ca), Ancient Greek τε (te), Faliscan -𐌂𐌖𐌄 (-cue), Proto-Germanic *-hw ( → English (thou)gh). Its alternative use as a generalizing particle "any, -every" with pronouns and adverbs may result from a shift from an earlier meaning along the lines of "as". There are also a number of words that are etymologically suffixed with this particle but that have developed specific meanings not clearly analyzable in terms of either of these senses, such as dēnique (“finally; at length”).

Meaning

1. enclitic-ever; every-, any-; every, each ('universalizing' or 'generalizing' particle found in a fixed set of indefinite pronouns and adverbs)
   quis (“who”) + -que (“-ever”) → quisque (“whoever; anyone; each one”)
   cum (“when”) + -que (“-ever”) → cumque (“whenever; however”)

Origins

From Proto-Italic *-kʷe (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe (“and”). Cognates include Sanskrit च (ca), Ancient Greek τε (te), Faliscan -𐌂𐌖𐌄 (-cue), Proto-Germanic *-hw ( → English (thou)gh). Its alternative use as a generalizing particle "any, -every" with pronouns and adverbs may result from a shift from an earlier meaning along the lines of "as". There are also a number of words that are etymologically suffixed with this particle but that have developed specific meanings not clearly analyzable in terms of either of these senses, such as dēnique (“finally; at length”).