verbthird conjugation
scalpō
scalpō (present infinitive scalpere, perfect active scalpsī, supine scalptum)
Classical[ˈskaɫ.poː]Ecclesiastical[ˈskal.po]
Meaning
- to scratch (with the nails)
- to carve or engrave
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
leviter rādōscalpō -ere — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 21
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | scalpō | scalpēbam | scalpam | scalpsī | scalpseram | scalpserō |
| 2nd sg. | scalpis | scalpēbās | scalpēs | scalpsistī | scalpserās | scalpseris |
| 3rd sg. | scalpit | scalpēbat | scalpet | scalpsit | scalpserat | scalpserit |
| 1st pl. | scalpimus | scalpēbāmus | scalpēmus | scalpsimus | scalpserāmus | scalpserimus |
| 2nd pl. | scalpitis | scalpēbātis | scalpētis | scalpsistis | scalpserātis | scalpseritis |
| 3rd pl. | scalpunt | scalpēbant | scalpent | scalpsērunt scalpsēre | scalpserant | scalpserint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | scalpam | scalperem | scalpserim | scalpsissem |
| 2nd sg. | scalpās | scalperēs | scalpserīs | scalpsissēs |
| 3rd sg. | scalpat | scalperet | scalpserit | scalpsisset |
| 1st pl. | scalpāmus | scalperēmus | scalpserīmus | scalpsissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | scalpātis | scalperētis | scalpserītis | scalpsissētis |
| 3rd pl. | scalpant | scalperent | scalpserint | scalpsissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | scalpor | scalpēbar | scalpar |
| 2nd sg. | scalperis scalpere | scalpēbāris scalpēbāre | scalpēris scalpēre |
| 3rd sg. | scalpitur | scalpēbātur | scalpētur |
| 1st pl. | scalpimur | scalpēbāmur | scalpēmur |
| 2nd pl. | scalpiminī | scalpēbāminī | scalpēminī |
| 3rd pl. | scalpuntur | scalpēbantur | scalpentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | scalpar | scalperer |
| 2nd sg. | scalpāris scalpāre | scalperēris scalperēre |
| 3rd sg. | scalpātur | scalperētur |
| 1st pl. | scalpāmur | scalperēmur |
| 2nd pl. | scalpāminī | scalperēminī |
| 3rd pl. | scalpantur | scalperentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | scalpe | scalpere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | scalpite | scalpiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | scalpitō | scalpitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | scalpitō | scalpitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | scalpitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | scalpuntō | scalpuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | scalpere | scalpī |
| perfect infinitive | scalpsisse | scalptum esse |
| future infinitive | scalptūrum esse | scalptum īrī |
| present participle | scalpēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | scalptus scalpta, scalptā, scalptae, scalptam, scalptārum, scalptās, scalpte, scalptī, scalptīs, scalptō, scalptōrum, scalptōs |
| future participle | scalptūrus scalptūra, scalptūrā, scalptūrae, scalptūram, scalptūrārum, scalptūrās, scalptūre, scalptūrī, scalptūrīs, scalptūrō, scalptūrōrum, scalptūrōs, scalptūrum | scalpendus scalpundus, scalpenda, scalpendā, scalpendae, scalpendam, scalpendārum, scalpendās, scalpende, scalpendīs, scalpendōrum, scalpendōs |
gerundscalpendī, scalpendō, scalpendumsupinescalptum, scalptū
scalpo, psi, ptum, 3, v. a. root skalp-; Gr. σκάλοψ, mole; Lat. talpa; cf. scalprum; also Gr. γλύφω.
I. To cut, carve, scrape, scratch, engrave (class.; syn. caelo), said of surface work, = ξέειν; sculpo, of deeper work, high relief, or statuary, = γλύφω:
ad pingendum, ad fingendum, ad scalpendum apta manus est, Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 150: Phidiam tradunt scalpsisse marmora, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 15: marmora ac scyphos, id. 35, 11, 40, § 128 (Sillig, sculpsit): gemmas, id. 37, 10, 65, § 177: flores et acanthi eleganter scalpti, Vitr. 2, 7, 4.—Poet.: sepulcro querelam, to carve, Hor. C. 3, 11, 52.—Transf., to scratch: terram unguibus, to scratch, dig, Hor. S. 1, 8, 26; Col. 7, 5, 6: exulceratam verrucam, Suet. Dom. 16: nates, Pompon. ap. Non. 516, 26: caput uno digito, Juv. 9, 133: scalpendo tantum ferreis unguibus, Plin. 13, 7, 14, § 56.—* Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
scalpō psī, ptus, ere
SCARP-, to scratch : terram Unguibus, H.: caput digito, Iu.—In art, to cut, carve, engrave (of surface work): ad scalpendum apta manus est: nostri memorem sepulcro Scalpe querelam, carve , H.
Origins
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel(H)p- (“to split off”); compare, in particular, Lithuanian sklem̃bti (“to slide off, slide down”), Proto-Germanic *skelfō (“cliff, shelf, flat surface”). The root appears to be a *p-extension of *(s)kelH- (“to cut”), see there for more.
Descendants
- Walloonschôpyî
In English words that came into English from scalpō
- scalpelscalpellum
- sculptsculpō
- auriscalpauris
- scalprumscalprum
- dentiscalpdentiscalpium
- scalpellumscalpellum
- scalpriformscalprum