adverb
porrō1
porrō (not comparable)
Meaning
- not comparableon, forward, onward
Inde ībis porrō in latomiās lapidāriās.
From there you’ll go on in the stone quarries.c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitruo 3.5.65 - not comparableforward
FERI·POROD
Give forward7th – 5th C. BCE, CIL I² 560 d; published in Ernst Lommatzch, Theodor Mommsen, editors, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, volume I, fascicle 2, Berlin, 1918, page 430:DĒMIPHŌ. Sed trānsī sōdēs ad forum atque illud mihī argentum rūrsum iubĕ rescrībī, Phormiō.
DEMIPHO. But go over to the forum if you will and order that silver to be returned to my account, Phormio. PHORMIO. That which I’ve transferred forward to my creditors?161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Phormio 5.921–923 - Late LatinOld Latinnot comparablepoeticaway, yonder
Horrēscit vīsū subitō causāsque requīrit īnscius Aenēās, quae sint ea flūmina porrō,
Aeneas is scared at the sudden sight and asks, ignorant, for the causes: which might those yonder rivers be, and which men might fill the banks with such a multitude?29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 6.710–712 - Late LatinOld Latinnot comparableoutwards, away, outside
Prōdigī enim dīcuntur propriē, quī bona sua ā sē dispergunt, quasi porrō ea ab sē agentēs.
Prodigals are called those who scatter their wealth, as if “directing it away from themselves”.2nd–3rd C. CE, Pomponius Porphyrio, Scholia on Horace, Odes 1.12.37; published in Alfred Holder, editor, Scholia antiqva in Q. Horativm Flaccvm, volume I, Arno Press, 1984, page 20: - Late Latinnot comparablesynonym of ūsque
Quī locus ad quod lectus fuerit, tantus rugītus et mūgītus totīus populī est cum flētū, ut forsitan porrō ad cīvitātem gemitus populī omnis audītus sit.
Which place, when it had been read up to it, there’s such a roar and bellow of the people with crying, that the groan of the entire crowd was perhaps heard all the way to the city.p. 384 CE, Egeria, Itinerarium Egeriae 36.3 - not comparablethen, furthermore, besides
Sed porrō auscultā quod superest fallaciae.
Listen, besides, to the rest of the stratagem.163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 4.5.23Huius assūmptiōnis quārtō in locō aliam porrō indūcunt approbātiōnem, hōc modō: […]
Then, in the fourth place, they introduce another proof of this assumption, like this: […]84 BCE, Cicero, De inventione 1.34.59 - not comparabletemporalthen, afterwards, thereafter, in the future
Lēgātus ad ea, quae interrogātus erat, respondit neque sē neque quemquam alium dīvīnāre posse, quid in animō Celtibērī habērent aut porrō habitūrī essent.
To what he had been asked the legate responded that neither he nor anyone else could predict what the Celtiberians intended or were going to intend in the future.59 BCE – 17 CE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 40.36 - not comparablethen, and
Hic incīnctus balteō mīlitem gerēbat, illum succīnctum chlamyde crepidēs et vēnābula vēnātōrem fēcerant, alius soccīs obaurātīs inductus sēricā veste mundōque prētiōsō et attextīs capite crīnibus incessū perfluō fēminam mentiēbātur. Porrō alium ocreīs scutō galeā ferrōque īnsīgnem ē lūdō putārēs gladiātōriō prōcēdere.
One, strapped with a sword-belt, pretended to be a soldier, sandals and spears made another, girt with a cloak, a hunter, and another one, dressed in gilded slippers was imitating a woman with his silken garment, costly jewellery and long hair attached to the head, with a flowing gait. Then another, distinguished with greaves, helmet and sword, you’d have thought to come straight from the gladiator school.c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses 11.84th C. CE, Saint Jerome, Vulgate, Numbers 26:20–21
And the sons of Judah after their families were: of Shelah, the family of the Shelanites; of Pharez, the family of the Pharzites; of Zerah, the family of the Zarhites. And the sons of Pharez were: of Hezron, the family of the Hezronites; of Hamul, the family of the Hamulites. - not comparablefurther, on
Acmēn Septimius suōs amōrēs tenēns in gremiō “Mea” inquit, “Acmē, nī te perditē amō atque amāre porrō omnēs sum adsiduē parātus annōs[…]
in his lap said “My Acme, if I don’t love you consumately, and am not prepared for all the years to come to love you further […]c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 45.1–4143 CE, Marcus Cornelius Fronto, Epistles to Emperor Marcus Aurelius 1.3
Thus, I hope this love of yours, unplanted and sprung up without reason, shall grow on with the cedars and oaks. - not comparablein turn
Sed dīcam vōbīs, vōs porrō dīcite multīs
But I shall tell you, you, in turn, tell it to many thousands and let this paper speak in old age.c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 68.45–46Quod quidem eius factum nisi esset iūre laudātum, nōn esset imitātus quārtō cōnsulātū suō fīlius, neque porrō ex eō nātus cum Pyrrhō bellum gerēns cōnsul cecidisset in proeliō sēque ē continentī genere tertiam victimam reī pūblicae praebuisset.
Had his [Publius Decius Mus'] deed not been deservedly praised, his son wouldn't have imitated him during his fourth consulate, nor would his son in turn have fallen in battle waging war on Pyrrhus and offered himself to the Republic a third victim from his kind.45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 2.61 - not comparablerareon the other hand, but
At illum ingēns cūra atque laetitia simul occupāvēre. Nam laetābātur intellegēns coniūrātiōne patefactā cīvitātem perīculīs ēreptam esse; porrō autem ānxius erat, dubitāns in maxumō scelere tantīs cīvibus dēprehēnsīs, quid factō opus esset.
But a great worry and joy filled him. For he rejoiced, understanding the city to be outside of peril, the plot being disclosed; on the other hand he was worried, not knowing what should be done, so many citizens having been caught in the greatest crime.c. 42 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Catilinae 46.2Arduum in coelum iter hominis est, et aditus angustus ac tenuis: cēterum perditiōnis via lāta est. Īlanc plūrēs obtinent, illam porrō paucī inveniunt.
Uphill is the road of man to heaven, and the gate is narrow and small: on the other hand, the way of damnation is broad. The latter many conquer, while the former but few find.c. 360 CE, Hilary of Poitiers, Commentaries on the Gospel of Matthew 6.3 in Patrologia Latina (volume 9), Jacques-Paul Migne (editor), 1844, page 952 - Late Latinnot comparableoftenrare(back) then, in the past
Altera quod porrō fuerat cecinisse putātur,
One is thought to have sung what was in the past, the other whatever was going to come.8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 1.635–6365th C. CE, Anianus of Celeda (translator), Homilies on Matthew 2.2, original author: John Chrysostom, in Patrologia Graeca (volume 58), Jacques-Paul Migne (editor), 1862, page 990
For this [the First Coming] was so wonderful, and unheard to anyone before, that even angels, gathered in a choir by grace of these facts, sung in the name of the whole world for the glory, and raised up an auspicious acclamation; and prophets back then foretold with wonder: Afterwards he was seen upon earth, and conversed with men. (Baruch 3:38)
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
ulterius, longiusporrō — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 12
porro, adv. root pra-; Sanscr. prathamus, primus; Lat. prae, pro, prior; cf. Gr. πόρρω, πρόσω,
I. forward, onward, farther on, to a distance, at a distance, after off, far.
I. Lit., in space, with verbs both of motion and of rest (rare and mostly anteclass.), Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 18:
porro agere armentum, Liv. 1, 7, 6: ire, id. 9, 2.—So ellipt.: porro Quirites, on! hither! ye Romans! Laber. ap. Macr. S. 2, 7; Tert. adv. Val. 13 (al. proh).—With verbs of rest: habitare, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95: inscius Aeneas, quae sint ea flumina porro, Verg. A. 6, 711: campi deinde porro, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 18.—II. Transf.
A. In time.
1. Of old, aforetime, formerly (very rare):
altera (Nympha), quod porro fuerat, cecinisse putatur, Ov. F. 1, 635.—2. Henceforth, hereafter, afterwards, in future: me sollicitum habitum esse atque porro fore, Cato ap. Charis. p. 190 P.; Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 36:
quid in animo Celtiberi haberent aut porro habituri essent, Liv. 40, 36: fac, eadem ut sis porro, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 38; id. Phorm. 5, 7, 44: move ocius te, ut, quid agam, porro intellegas, id. And. 4, 3, 16: dehinc ut quiescant porro moneo, id. ib. prol. 22: hinc maxima porro Accepit Roma, et patrium servavit honorem, in aftertimes, Verg. A. 5, 600.— B. In a series.
1. In gen., again, in turn, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 25:
saepe audivi a majoribus natu, qui se porro pueros a senibus audisse dicebant, Cic. Sen. 13, 43; Liv. 27, 51.—2. In partic., in discourse.
a. In the progress of an argument, or in a sequence of ideas, then, next, furthermore, moreover, besides:
sequitur porro, nihil deos ignorare, Cic. Div. 2, 51, 105; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; id. Rep. 1, 17, 26: age porro, tu, qui, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 22, § 56; id. Mil. 9, 25: Habonium porro intellegebat rem totam esse patefacturum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 57, § 149; Juv. 6, 240; 3, 126: porro autem anxius erat, quid facto opus esset, Sall. C. 46, 2: quid fit deinde? porro loquere, say on, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 69: porro dicere, id. Curc. 3, 83.—b. Then, on the other hand, but:
porro erant qui censerent, Caes. B. C. 2, 30: porro si in digito Dei eicio daemonas, Vulg. Luc. 11, 10 (but the true read., Cic. Fin. 5, 26, 78, is paene).Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
porrō adv.
PRO-, forward, onward, farther on, to a distance, at a distance, afar off, far : res, porro ab hac quae me abstrahat, T.: agere armentum, L.: Inscius Aeneas, quae sint ea flumina porro, V.—In time, of old, aforetime, formerly : quod porro fuerat, cecinisse putatur, O.— Henceforth, hereafter, afterwards, in future : quid in animo Celtiberi haberent aut porro habituri essent, L.: Fac, eadem ut sis porro, T.: hinc maxima porro Accepit Roma, in aftertimes , V.—In order, again, in turn : audivi ex maioribus natu, qui se porro pueros a senibus audisse dicebant: aliis porro impertierant gaudium suum, L.—In transition, then, next, furthermore, moreover, again, in turn : civitati porro hanc fuisse belli causam, Cs.: Habonium porro intellegebat rem totam esse patefacturum: porro autem anxius erat, quid facto opus esset, S.
Origins
Uncertain; the traditional view (supported by ancient grammarians) connects it with the Ancient Greek πόῤῥω (pórrhō), similar in form and meaning. However, the old form of this Greek word, πρόσω (prósō), would not easily align with the derivation of the Latin word. Moreover, adverbs are not usually borrowed from other languages. In all probability related to Proto-Indo-European *pro-. De Vaan clarifies the archaic Praenestinian Latino-Faliscan POROD is not an ablative, and mentions a very tentative derivation, by Nussbaum, of Proto-Indo-European *pro- + an adverbial -s + the suffix -ō observed in Latin intrō, ultrō, contrōversia, effectively *prs-ō > *porsō > porrō.
Descendants
- Old Occitanpor
In English words that came into English from porrō
- pargeporrō