LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
verbfirst conjugation

peccō

peccō (present infinitive peccāre, perfect active peccāvī, supine peccātum)
Classical[ˈpɛk.koː]Ecclesiastical[ˈpɛk.ko]
№ 792 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary

Meaning

  1. intransitiveto sin, transgress, commit a wrongdoing
    saepe magnōque cum gaudiō peccōI often sin, and with great joy
    peccavit vero nihilominus, si quidem est peccare tamquam transire lineas, quod cum feceris culpa commissa est1942 translation by H. Rackham but it has transgressed none the less, since to transgress is to cross over the lines, which once done, an offence has been committed106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Paradoxica Stoicorum 3.20
  2. intransitiveto fail, be amiss
    Unus de toto peccaverat orbe comarum anulus, incerta non bene fixus acuA single ring of the whole circle of hair had gone amiss, fixed poorly with an unsteady pin86 CE – 103 CE, Martialis, Epigrammata 66
  3. transitiveto mess up
    quom librum legeres, si unam peccavisses syllabam, fieret corium tam maculosum quam est nutricis pallium.When you were reading the book, if you messed up one syllable, your skin would become as spotted as a nurse's shawl (i.e. be beaten black-and-blue)c. 254 BCE – 184 BCE, Plautus, The Two Bacchises 433–435

Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers

male faciō, culpam faciō; quī peccāvit, veniam petit.
peccō -āre — in Mille Verba, Basilica et Iūs

Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms

Delictum · Peccatum · Malefactum · Maleficium · Facinus · Flagitium · Scelus · Nefas · Impietas

1. Delictum and peccatum denote the lighter sort of offences; delictum, more the transgression of positive laws, from levity; peccatum (from παχύς), rather of the laws of nature and reason, from indiscretion. 2. A synonyme and as it were a circumlocution of the above words is malefactum; whereas maleficium and facinus involve a direct moral reference; maleficium is any misdeed which, as springing from evil intention, deserves punishment; but facinus, a crime which, in addition to the evil intention, excites astonishment and alarm from the extraordinary degree of daring requisite thereto. 3. There are as many sorts of evil deeds, as there are of duties, against oneself, against others, against the gods; flagitium (from βλαγίς) is an offence against oneself, against one’s own honor, by gluttony, licentiousness, cowardice; in short, by actions which are not the consequence of unbridled strength, but of moral weakness, as evincing ignavia, and incurring shame; whereas scelus (σκληρόν) is an offence against others, against the right of individuals, or the peace of society, by robbery, murder, and particularly by sedition, by the display, in short, of malice; nefas (ἄφατον) is an offence against the gods, or against nature, by blasphemy, sacrilege, murder of kindred, betrayal of one’s country; in short, by the display of impietas, an impious outrage. Tac. G. 12. (ii. 139.)

Conjugation conjugation 1

active indicative
formpresentimperfectfutureperfectpluperfectfut. perfect
1st sg.peccōpeccābampeccābōpeccāvīpeccāveram
peccāram		peccāverō
peccārō
2nd sg.peccāspeccābāspeccābispeccāvistī
peccāstī		peccāverās
peccārās		peccāveris
peccāris
3rd sg.peccatpeccābatpeccābitpeccāvit
peccāt		peccāverat
peccārat		peccāverit
peccārit
1st pl.peccāmuspeccābāmuspeccābimuspeccāvimus
peccāmus		peccāverāmus
peccārāmus		peccāverimus
peccārimus
2nd pl.peccātispeccābātispeccābitispeccāvistis
peccāstis		peccāverātis
peccārātis		peccāveritis
peccāritis
3rd pl.peccantpeccābantpeccābuntpeccāvērunt
peccārunt, peccāvēre		peccāverant
peccārant		peccāverint
peccārint
active subjunctive
active subjunctive
formpresentimperfectperfectpluperfect
1st sg.peccempeccārempeccāverim
peccārim		peccāvissem
peccāssem
2nd sg.peccēspeccārēspeccāverīs
peccārīs		peccāvissēs
peccāssēs
3rd sg.peccetpeccāretpeccāverit
peccārit		peccāvisset
peccāsset
1st pl.peccēmuspeccārēmuspeccāverīmus
peccārīmus		peccāvissēmus
peccāssēmus
2nd pl.peccētispeccārētispeccāverītis
peccārītis		peccāvissētis
peccāssētis
3rd pl.peccentpeccārentpeccāverint
peccārint		peccāvissent
peccāssent
passive indicative
passive indicative
formpresentimperfectfuture
1st sg.peccorpeccābarpeccābor
2nd sg.peccāris
peccāre		peccābāris
peccābāre		peccāberis
peccābere
3rd sg.peccāturpeccābāturpeccābitur
1st pl.peccāmurpeccābāmurpeccābimur
2nd pl.peccāminīpeccābāminīpeccābiminī
3rd pl.peccanturpeccābanturpeccābuntur
passive subjunctive
passive subjunctive
formpresentimperfect
1st sg.peccerpeccārer
2nd sg.peccēris
peccēre		peccārēris
peccārēre
3rd sg.peccēturpeccārētur
1st pl.peccēmurpeccārēmur
2nd pl.peccēminīpeccārēminī
3rd pl.peccenturpeccārentur
imperative
imperative
formactivepassive
pres. 2nd sg.peccāpeccāre
pres. 2nd pl.peccātepeccāminī
fut. 2nd sg.peccātōpeccātor
fut. 3rd sg.peccātōpeccātor
fut. 2nd pl.peccātōte—
fut. 3rd pl.peccantōpeccantor
infinitives & participles
infinitives & participles
formactivepassive
present infinitivepeccārepeccārī
perfect infinitivepeccāvisse
peccāsse		peccātum esse
future infinitivepeccātūrum essepeccātum īrī
present participlepeccāns—
perfect participle—peccātus
peccāta, peccātā, peccātae, peccātam, peccātārum, peccātās, peccātī, peccātōrum, peccātōs
future participlepeccātūrus
peccātūra, peccātūrā, peccātūrae, peccātūram, peccātūrārum, peccātūrās, peccātūre, peccātūrī, peccātūrīs, peccātūrō, peccātūrōrum, peccātūrōs, peccātūrum		peccandus
peccanda, peccandā, peccandae, peccandam, peccandārum, peccandās, peccande, peccandīs, peccandōrum, peccandōs
gerundpeccandī, peccandō, peccandumsupinepeccātum, peccātū

Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book

saepe (crebro, multa) peccavit, erravit, lapsus est
he has made several mistakes.
conscientia mala or peccatorum, culpae, sceleris, delicti
a guilty conscience.

pecco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a.
I. [often referred to Sanscr. pāpa, pāpaka, wicked; but better to root pik-, to be angry; cf.: piget, pigeo, and Fick, Vergl. Wört. 632], to miss or mistake any thing; to do amiss, to transgress, to commit a fault, to offend, sin: peccare est tamquam transilire lineas, Cic. Par. 3, 1, 20: alius magis alio vel peccat vel recte facit, id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Or. 47, 157: peccare largiter, to make a great mistake, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 8; id. Ep. 3, 4, 53.—With acc.: si unam peccavisses syllabam, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 29: aliquid, to offend in any respect: plura in aliquā re, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 44: Empedocles multa alia peccat, Cic. N. D. 1, 12, 29: eadem fere, id. ib. 1, 12, 31: talia peccandi jam mihi finis erit, Ov. P. 3, 7, 10.—With in and acc.: si quid in te peccavi . . . in me ipsum peccavi vehementius, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4: in rem publicam, id. ib. 7, 1, 3 (al. in re publicā).—With erga aliquem, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 62.—In aliquo or in aliquā re: quod in eo (Valerio) peccandi Germanis causa non esset, Caes. B. G. 1, 47: in servo necando semel peccatur, Cic. Par. 3, 2, 25: in hoc eodem peccat Hieronymus, id. Fin. 2, 10, 32: non modo in vitā sed saepissime et in poëmatis et in oratione peccatur, id. Or. 21, 70.—With abl. alone: et pecuniā et mollibus consultis, Tac. A. 1, 40: libidine, Juv. 6, 135.—With dat. of person (late Lat.): Domino, Vulg. Deut. 1, 41; id. 2 Reg. 12, 13.—De aliquă re, Caecil. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 13.—
B. In partic., of sexual sin: quid inter-Est in matronā, ancillā, peccesve togatā? Hor. S. 1, 2, 63; Ov. H. 16, 295; Mart. 1, 35, 2.—
II. Transf., of animals and inanim. things, to fail, miscarry: ne Peccet (equus) ad extremum ridendus, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 9: unus de toto peccaverat orbe comarum Anulus, Mart. 2, 66, 1: si senseris vina peccatura, Pall. 11, 14.—Hence, peccans, antis, P. a., sinful, full of sin: unus dies bene actus peccanti immortalitati anteponendus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 2, 5.— Comp.: peccantius, more faulty, worse, Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 8, 88.—
B. As subst.: peccans, antis, comm., an offender, sinner: non prodest latere peccantibus. Sen. Ep. 97, 13: peccantium poena, id. ib. 97, 14: ad officium peccantes redire cogeret, Nep. Ages. 5, 3.—Adv.: peccanter, wrongly, incorrectly, falsely, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 9, 40: definire aliquid, id. ib. 3, 1, 5.

Origins

  1. Proto-Indo-European*ped-
  2. Proto-Indo-European*pedko-
  3. Proto-Indo-European*pet-
  4. Proto-Indo-European*petko-
  5. Proto-Italic*petko-?
  6. Latinpeccō

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Proto-Italic *petkāō Latin peccō From Proto-Italic *petkāō, from Proto-Indo-European verbal root *ped- (“to walk, fall, stumble”); see *pṓds (the same source as Hittite [script needed] (pata), Latin pēs, pedis, Tocharian A pe, Tocharian B paiyye, Lithuanian pāda (“sole (foot)”), Russian под (pod, “ground”), Ancient Greek πούς, ποδός (poús, podós), Albanian poshtë (“down, downwards”), Old Armenian ոտն (otn), Sanskrit पद् (pád)). Compare typologically transgredior (whence English transgress) (< gradior); Russian просту́пок (prostúpok), преступле́ние (prestuplénije) (< преступи́ть (prestupítʹ)) < ступи́ть (stupítʹ)).

Descendants
  • Frenchpécher
  • Italianpeccare
  • Occitanpecarfrom Old Occitan peccar
  • Portuguesepecar
  • Sardinianpecai
  • Sardinianpecare
  • Spanishpecar
  • Asturianpecar
  • Franco-Provençalpèchiér
  • Friulianpecjâ

Quick answers

What does peccō mean in Latin?
peccō, a verb, means “to sin, transgress, commit a wrongdoing; to mess up”.
What are the principal parts of peccō?
peccō, peccāre, peccāvī, peccātum (first conjugation).
How do you pronounce peccō?
In classical Latin, [ˈpɛk.koː]; in ecclesiastical (church) Latin, [ˈpɛk.ko].
Where does peccō come from?
Proto-Indo-European *ped- → Proto-Indo-European *pedko- → Proto-Indo-European *pet- → Proto-Indo-European *petko- → Proto-Italic *petko-? → Latin peccō.