peccō
Meaning
- intransitiveto sin, transgress, commit a wrongdoing
saepe magnōque cum gaudiō peccō
I often sin, and with great joypeccavit vero nihilominus, si quidem est peccare tamquam transire lineas, quod cum feceris culpa commissa est
1942 translation by H. Rackham but it has transgressed none the less, since to transgress is to cross over the lines, which once done, an offence has been committed106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Paradoxica Stoicorum 3.20 - intransitiveto fail, be amiss
Unus de toto peccaverat orbe comarum anulus, incerta non bene fixus acu
A single ring of the whole circle of hair had gone amiss, fixed poorly with an unsteady pin86 CE – 103 CE, Martialis, Epigrammata 66 - transitiveto mess up
quom librum legeres, si unam peccavisses syllabam, fieret corium tam maculosum quam est nutricis pallium.
When you were reading the book, if you messed up one syllable, your skin would become as spotted as a nurse's shawl (i.e. be beaten black-and-blue)c. 254 BCE – 184 BCE, Plautus, The Two Bacchises 433–435
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
male faciō, culpam faciō; quī peccāvit, veniam petit.male faciō, culpam habeōChoosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Delictum · Peccatum · Malefactum · Maleficium · Facinus · Flagitium · Scelus · Nefas · Impietas
1. Delictum and peccatum denote the lighter sort of offences; delictum, more the transgression of positive laws, from levity; peccatum (from παχύς), rather of the laws of nature and reason, from indiscretion. 2. A synonyme and as it were a circumlocution of the above words is malefactum; whereas maleficium and facinus involve a direct moral reference; maleficium is any misdeed which, as springing from evil intention, deserves punishment; but facinus, a crime which, in addition to the evil intention, excites astonishment and alarm from the extraordinary degree of daring requisite thereto. 3. There are as many sorts of evil deeds, as there are of duties, against oneself, against others, against the gods; flagitium (from βλαγίς) is an offence against oneself, against one’s own honor, by gluttony, licentiousness, cowardice; in short, by actions which are not the consequence of unbridled strength, but of moral weakness, as evincing ignavia, and incurring shame; whereas scelus (σκληρόν) is an offence against others, against the right of individuals, or the peace of society, by robbery, murder, and particularly by sedition, by the display, in short, of malice; nefas (ἄφατον) is an offence against the gods, or against nature, by blasphemy, sacrilege, murder of kindred, betrayal of one’s country; in short, by the display of impietas, an impious outrage. Tac. G. 12. (ii. 139.)
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | peccō | peccābam | peccābō | peccāvī | peccāveram peccāram | peccāverō peccārō |
| 2nd sg. | peccās | peccābās | peccābis | peccāvistī peccāstī | peccāverās peccārās | peccāveris peccāris |
| 3rd sg. | peccat | peccābat | peccābit | peccāvit peccāt | peccāverat peccārat | peccāverit peccārit |
| 1st pl. | peccāmus | peccābāmus | peccābimus | peccāvimus peccāmus | peccāverāmus peccārāmus | peccāverimus peccārimus |
| 2nd pl. | peccātis | peccābātis | peccābitis | peccāvistis peccāstis | peccāverātis peccārātis | peccāveritis peccāritis |
| 3rd pl. | peccant | peccābant | peccābunt | peccāvērunt peccārunt, peccāvēre | peccāverant peccārant | peccāverint peccārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | peccem | peccārem | peccāverim peccārim | peccāvissem peccāssem |
| 2nd sg. | peccēs | peccārēs | peccāverīs peccārīs | peccāvissēs peccāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | peccet | peccāret | peccāverit peccārit | peccāvisset peccāsset |
| 1st pl. | peccēmus | peccārēmus | peccāverīmus peccārīmus | peccāvissēmus peccāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | peccētis | peccārētis | peccāverītis peccārītis | peccāvissētis peccāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | peccent | peccārent | peccāverint peccārint | peccāvissent peccāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | peccor | peccābar | peccābor |
| 2nd sg. | peccāris peccāre | peccābāris peccābāre | peccāberis peccābere |
| 3rd sg. | peccātur | peccābātur | peccābitur |
| 1st pl. | peccāmur | peccābāmur | peccābimur |
| 2nd pl. | peccāminī | peccābāminī | peccābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | peccantur | peccābantur | peccābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | peccer | peccārer |
| 2nd sg. | peccēris peccēre | peccārēris peccārēre |
| 3rd sg. | peccētur | peccārētur |
| 1st pl. | peccēmur | peccārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | peccēminī | peccārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | peccentur | peccārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | peccā | peccāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | peccāte | peccāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | peccātō | peccātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | peccātō | peccātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | peccātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | peccantō | peccantor |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | peccāre | peccārī |
| perfect infinitive | peccāvisse peccāsse | peccātum esse |
| future infinitive | peccātūrum esse | peccātum īrī |
| present participle | peccāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | peccātus peccāta, peccātā, peccātae, peccātam, peccātārum, peccātās, peccātī, peccātōrum, peccātōs |
| future participle | peccātūrus peccātūra, peccātūrā, peccātūrae, peccātūram, peccātūrārum, peccātūrās, peccātūre, peccātūrī, peccātūrīs, peccātūrō, peccātūrōrum, peccātūrōs, peccātūrum | peccandus peccanda, peccandā, peccandae, peccandam, peccandārum, peccandās, peccande, peccandīs, peccandōrum, peccandōs |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- saepe (crebro, multa) peccavit, erravit, lapsus est
- he has made several mistakes.
- conscientia mala or peccatorum, culpae, sceleris, delicti
- a guilty conscience.
peccare est tamquam transilire lineas, Cic. Par. 3, 1, 20: alius magis alio vel peccat vel recte facit, id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Or. 47, 157: peccare largiter, to make a great mistake, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 8; id. Ep. 3, 4, 53.—With acc.: si unam peccavisses syllabam, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 29: aliquid, to offend in any respect: plura in aliquā re, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 44: Empedocles multa alia peccat, Cic. N. D. 1, 12, 29: eadem fere, id. ib. 1, 12, 31: talia peccandi jam mihi finis erit, Ov. P. 3, 7, 10.—With in and acc.: si quid in te peccavi . . . in me ipsum peccavi vehementius, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4: in rem publicam, id. ib. 7, 1, 3 (al. in re publicā).—With erga aliquem, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 62.—In aliquo or in aliquā re: quod in eo (Valerio) peccandi Germanis causa non esset, Caes. B. G. 1, 47: in servo necando semel peccatur, Cic. Par. 3, 2, 25: in hoc eodem peccat Hieronymus, id. Fin. 2, 10, 32: non modo in vitā sed saepissime et in poëmatis et in oratione peccatur, id. Or. 21, 70.—With abl. alone: et pecuniā et mollibus consultis, Tac. A. 1, 40: libidine, Juv. 6, 135.—With dat. of person (late Lat.): Domino, Vulg. Deut. 1, 41; id. 2 Reg. 12, 13.—De aliquă re, Caecil. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 13.—quid inter-Est in matronā, ancillā, peccesve togatā? Hor. S. 1, 2, 63; Ov. H. 16, 295; Mart. 1, 35, 2.—ne Peccet (equus) ad extremum ridendus, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 9: unus de toto peccaverat orbe comarum Anulus, Mart. 2, 66, 1: si senseris vina peccatura, Pall. 11, 14.—Hence, peccans, antis, P. a., sinful, full of sin: unus dies bene actus peccanti immortalitati anteponendus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 2, 5.— Comp.: peccantius, more faulty, worse, Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 8, 88.—peccantium poena, id. ib. 97, 14: ad officium peccantes redire cogeret, Nep. Ages. 5, 3.—Adv.: peccanter, wrongly, incorrectly, falsely, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 9, 40: definire aliquid, id. ib. 3, 1, 5.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*ped-
- Proto-Indo-European*pedko-
- Proto-Indo-European*pet-
- Proto-Indo-European*petko-
- Proto-Italic*petko-?
- Latinpeccō
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Proto-Italic *petkāō Latin peccō From Proto-Italic *petkāō, from Proto-Indo-European verbal root *ped- (“to walk, fall, stumble”); see *pṓds (the same source as Hittite [script needed] (pata), Latin pēs, pedis, Tocharian A pe, Tocharian B paiyye, Lithuanian pāda (“sole (foot)”), Russian под (pod, “ground”), Ancient Greek πούς, ποδός (poús, podós), Albanian poshtë (“down, downwards”), Old Armenian ոտն (otn), Sanskrit पद् (pád)). Compare typologically transgredior (whence English transgress) (< gradior); Russian просту́пок (prostúpok), преступле́ние (prestuplénije) (< преступи́ть (prestupítʹ)) < ступи́ть (stupítʹ)).
- Frenchpécher
- Italianpeccare
- Occitanpecarfrom Old Occitan peccar
- Portuguesepecar
- Sardinianpecai
- Sardinianpecare
- Spanishpecar
- Asturianpecar
- Franco-Provençalpèchiér
- Friulianpecjâ