adjectivethird-declension two-termination adjective
lūgubris
lūgubris (neuter lūgubre, adverb lūgubre or lūgubriter)
Classical[ˈɫuː.ɡʊ.brɪs]Ecclesiastical[ˈluː.ɡu.bris]
Meaning
- two terminationof or pertaining to mourning
Texentem tēlam studiōsē ipsam offendimus, mediocriter vestītam veste lūgubrī[…]
We found her studiously weaving at the loom, modestly dressed in mourning clothes […]163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 2.3.44–45 - two terminationthat causes mourning, disastrous; pitiable
Quī gurgēs aut quae flūmina lūgubris ignāra bellī? Quod mare Dauniae nōn dēcolorāvere caedēs?
What seas or rivers are unaware of the disastrous war? Which sea the Daunian slaughters haven't stained? Which shore lacks our blood?23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 2.1.33–36 - two terminationmournful, doleful, plaintive
- two terminationgloomy, sinister, mean
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
vestēs ātrae lūctūslūgubria -ium (n pl) — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 23
plēnus lūctūslūgubris -e — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 5, 10
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | lūgubris | lūgubris | lūgubre |
| genitive | lūgubris | lūgubris | lūgubris |
| dative | lūgubrī | lūgubrī | lūgubrī |
| accusative | lūgubrem | lūgubrem | lūgubre |
| ablative | lūgubrī | lūgubrī | lūgubrī |
| vocative | lūgubris | lūgubris | lūgubre |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | lūgubrēs | lūgubrēs | lūgubria |
| genitive | lūgubrium | lūgubrium | lūgubrium |
| dative | lūgubribus | lūgubribus | lūgubribus |
| accusative | lūgubrīs lūgubrēs | lūgubrīs lūgubrēs | lūgubria |
| ablative | lūgubribus | lūgubribus | lūgubribus |
| vocative | lūgubrēs | lūgubrēs | lūgubria |
lūgū^bris (lūgūbris, Lucr. 4, 547), e, adj. lugeo and fero,
I. of or belonging to mourning, mourning-.
I. Lit.:
lamentatio, over the dead, Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 30: vestis, mourning apparel, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 45; cf. cultus, Tac. A. 13, 32: cantus, a dirge, Hor. C. 1, 24, 2: domus, a house of mourning, Liv. 3, 32: genitor, mourning, sorrowing, Ov. M. 4, 690; so, pectora, id. H. 10, 145.— Subst.: lūgū^brĭa, ĭum, n., mourning garments, sable weeds: lugubria indue, Ov. M. 11, 669; illa dies veniet, mea qua lugubria ponam. id. Tr. 4, 2, 73: imposita lugubria numquam exuerunt, Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 16, 2: lugubria sumpsi, Prop. 4 (5), 12, 97.— II. Transf.
A. That causes mourning, disastrous:
bellum, Hor. C. 2, 1, 33: Trojae renascens alite lugubri, id. ib. 3, 3, 61.—B. Mournful, doleful, plaintive:
vox, Lucr. 4, 546: vagitus, id. 5, 226: verba, Ov. Ib. 99.— C. Mean, pitiable:
sagum, Hor. Epod. 9, 28.—Hence, adv., in two forms: lūgū^bre and lūgū^brĭter, mournfully, dolefully, portentously, plaintively: cometae Sanguinei lugubre rubent, Verg. A. 10, 273: sonitu lugubre minaci Mulciber immugit, Sil. 12, 140: lugubriter eiulantes, App. M. 3, 8, p. 132.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
lūgubris e, adj.
LVG-, of mourning, mourning- : lamentatio, over the dead : vestis, mourning apparel , T.: cantus, a dirge , H.: domus, a house of mourning , L.: genitor, sorrowing , O.—Plur n . as subst: lugubria indue, put on mourning , O.: mea lugubria ponam, my weeds , O.— That causes mourning, disastrous : bellum, H.: scelus, O.— Mournful, doleful, plaintive : verbum, expressive of desolation : verba, O.— Mean, pitiable : sagum, H.
Origins
From the root of lūgeō (“mourn, lament”) via Proto-Italic *lougosris or *leugosris, built on a neuter s-stem noun *lougos/*leugos with change of sr→br (compare muliebris, fūnebris). Sen 2015 identifies the ending as the suffix *-lis, making the original formation *leug-os-lis, with subsequent dissimilation of l...l to l...r. An alternative theory derives it from *lūge-blis, with the same dissimilation.
Descendants
- Catalanlúgubre
- Englishlugubrious
- Frenchlugubre
- Italianlugubre
- Portugueselúgubre
- Romanianlugubru
- Spanishlúgubre
- Portugueselôbrego
- Spanishlóbrego
- Catalanllòbrecfrom Spanish lóbrego
In English words that came into English from lūgubris
- lugubriouslūgubris