verbthird conjugation, no passive, no supine stem
gruō
*gruō (present infinitive *gruere, perfect active *gruī)
Classical[ˈɡru.oː]
Meaning
- reconstructionto rush
Conjugation conjugation 3 no-supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | gruō | gruēbam | gruam | gruī | grueram | gruerō |
| 2nd sg. | gruis | gruēbās | gruēs | gruistī | gruerās | grueris |
| 3rd sg. | gruit | gruēbat | gruet | gruit | gruerat | gruerit |
| 1st pl. | gruimus | gruēbāmus | gruēmus | gruimus | gruerāmus | gruerimus |
| 2nd pl. | gruitis | gruēbātis | gruētis | gruistis | gruerātis | grueritis |
| 3rd pl. | gruunt | gruēbant | gruent | gruērunt gruēre | gruerant | gruerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | gruam | gruerem | gruerim | gruissem |
| 2nd sg. | gruās | gruerēs | gruerīs | gruissēs |
| 3rd sg. | gruat | grueret | gruerit | gruisset |
| 1st pl. | gruāmus | gruerēmus | gruerīmus | gruissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | gruātis | gruerētis | gruerītis | gruissētis |
| 3rd pl. | gruant | gruerent | gruerint | gruissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | grue | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | gruite | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | gruitō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | gruitō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | gruitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | gruuntō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | gruere | — |
| perfect infinitive | gruisse | — |
| present participle | gruēns | — |
gerundgruendī, gruendō, gruendum
grŭo, ĕre, v. n. grus, the note of the crane,
I. to crunk, crunkle: gruere dicuntur grues, ut sues grunnire, Paul. ex Fest. p. 97: grus gruit, Auct. Carm. de Philom. 23.
Origins
Cognate with Ancient Greek χράω (khráō, “to attack, inflict”), Lithuanian griáuti (“to destroy”), griū́ti (“to crumble”). De Vaan reconstructs a root *gʰrewH- (“to rush in, attack”), whereas Rix suggests that the term may derive from a zero-grade thematic present *gʰruh₁-é-ti, itself from a root of the shape *gʰreh₁-.
In English words that came into English from gruō
- congruentcongruēns
- congruencecongruentia
- congruouscongruus