LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“temporal” in Latin

The English word temporal itself goes back to Latin tempus, through temporālis.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

temporal
Relating to time, temporalis (post-Augustan).
Of this world, externus (relating to outward things): humanus (relating to men and human affairs). ☞ Terrenus and terrester only in ecclesiastical writers. Temporal affairs, res externae: temporal possessions, bona hujus vitae; bona fluxa, caduca.
Secular (not ecclesiastical), profanus (opposed to sacer).
Belonging to the temples, circumlocution by tempus or tempora: temporalis (e.g., vena, Veg.).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for temporal?
The usual Latin words for “temporal” are temporālis, externus, hūmānus; also profānus, tempus, cadūcus. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.