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“supernumerary” in Latin

The English word supernumerary itself goes back to Latin numerus, through supernumerarius.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

supernumerary adj.
ascriptivus, or ascripticius (of soldiers, for which later writers said supernumerarius). To be supernumerary, postea additum esse, cum jam numerus completus esset.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for supernumerary?
The usual Latin words for “supernumerary” are ascriptīvus, ascriptīcĭus. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.