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“protuberance” in Latin

The English word protuberance itself goes back to Latin prō, through prōtubērantia.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

protuberance
*ecphyma, sarcoma, -atis, neuter (ἔκφυμα, σάρκωμα, τὸ, any excrescence of the animal body): gibber (hump; but gibba, in Suet., Dom., 23, and gibbus, in Juv.., 6, 109; 10, 294 and 303, are not usual): tumor (tumor, swelling): tuber (ulcer): panus (a swelling of the glands of the neck, under the armpit, etc.). Vid: also, TUMOR.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for protuberance?
The usual Latin words for “protuberance” are gibber, tumor, tūber; also pānus, gibbus. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.